云南省降雨侵蚀力时空分布与演变趋势研究

发布时间：2018-07-02 21:30

本文选题：降雨侵蚀力 + 时空分布　；参考：《农业机械学报》2017年10期

【摘要】：由于生态环境演变及人类活动的影响,云南地区生态环境极度脆弱,土壤侵蚀强度大,侵蚀程度严重。降雨侵蚀力(R)是采用USLE/RUSLE模型进行土壤侵蚀评估的重要参数,但目前针对云南地区R值的计算模型及适宜性方面的研究较少。本研究采用昆明气象站1951—2010年共60 a逐日降雨数据,对中国南方地区常用的5种R计算模型在云南地区的适宜性进行分析,筛选出适宜云南地区的R计算模型,并基于均匀分布于云南省的36个国家基本气象站1951—2012年降雨观测数据,分析云南省降雨侵蚀力时空分布与演变特征。研究表明:在5种降雨侵蚀力计算模型中,模型B具有较好的稳定性,且有效系数(Ef)最大,相对偏差系数(Er)最小,在云南地区有较好的适宜性。云南地区多年平均降雨量为1 106.84 mm,7个分区多年平均降雨量分布在745.83~1 533.33 mm之间,不同地区降雨量分布不均匀,季节分布集中在夏季,降雨空间分布呈现出自西南向东北递减的趋势。云南地区多年平均R为2 719.31 MJ·mm/(hm2·h),7个分区多年平均R分布在1 837.23~3 949.12 MJ·mm/(hm2·h)之间,季节分布集中在夏季,空间分布也表现出自西南向东北递减的趋势。7个分区降雨侵蚀力趋势系数分布在-0.34~-0.02之间,各分区近60 a来降雨侵蚀力均呈现出减小趋势。本研究可为云南水土生态环境建设和土壤侵蚀模型构建提供借鉴和参考。
[Abstract]:Due to the evolution of ecological environment and the influence of human activities, the ecological environment in Yunnan is extremely fragile, the soil erosion intensity is large, and the erosion degree is serious. Rainfall erosivity (R) is an important parameter for soil erosion assessment using USLER / RUSLE model, but there are few researches on the calculation model and suitability of R value in Yunnan. In this study, the daily rainfall data of 60 years from 1951 to 2010 at Kunming Meteorological Station were used to analyze the suitability of five kinds of R calculation models in southern China in Yunnan, and the R calculation models suitable for Yunnan were screened out. Based on the rainfall observation data of 36 basic meteorological stations distributed uniformly in Yunnan Province from 1951 to 2012, the temporal and spatial distribution and evolution characteristics of rainfall erosivity in Yunnan Province were analyzed. The results show that model B has better stability and maximum effective coefficient (E _ f) and minimum relative deviation coefficient (er) among the five models for calculating rainfall erosivity. Model B has better suitability in Yunnan area. The average annual rainfall in Yunnan area is 1 106.84 mm, and the average annual rainfall in 7 districts is between 745.83 mm and 1 533.33 mm. The rainfall distribution in different areas is uneven, and the seasonal distribution is concentrated in summer. The spatial distribution of rainfall shows a decreasing trend from southwest to northeast. The average annual R of Yunnan is 2 719.31 MJ mm/ (hm2 h),). The annual mean R is between 1 837. 23 and 3 949.12 MJ mm/ (hm2 h), and the seasonal distribution is concentrated in summer. The spatial distribution also showed a decreasing trend from the southwest to the northeast. The trend coefficients of rainfall erosivity in the seven zones ranged from -0.34 to 0.02, and the rainfall erosivity showed a decreasing trend in the past 60 years. This study can provide reference for the construction of soil and water ecological environment and soil erosion model in Yunnan.
【作者单位】：西南大学资源环境学院;中国电建集团昆明勘测设计研究院有限公司;
【基金】：公益性行业(农业)科研专项(201503119-01-01)
【分类号】：S157.1

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