微晶化磷矿粉在不同类型土壤上的肥效研究

发布时间：2018-07-03 00:33

本文选题：微晶化磷矿粉 + 土壤类型　；参考：《山东农业大学》2015年硕士论文

【摘要】：磷素是植物生长发育的必需营养元素之一,它参与了植物体内的多种生长代谢过程,在农业生产中的地位举足轻重。随着近年来农业的迅速发展,磷肥用量逐年增加,而我国磷矿资源总量丰富但大多为中低品位磷矿。因此开发中低品位磷矿并且提高其肥效利用率成为当务之急。磷矿粉作为一种中低品位磷肥近年来受到普遍关注,其在土壤上的直接施用也得到了广泛推广;为了进一步提高其磷素释放率,研究者们研究出了超微细技术使其粒径达到微米粒级。本文采用盆栽试验,通过种植油菜和黑麦草,系统的研究了微晶化磷矿粉在红壤、棕壤、潮土、褐土以及水稻土五种常见类型土壤上对土壤肥力及作物的生长生理指标的影响,以期为微晶化磷矿粉的合理施用提供科学的理论依据;同时种植被广泛推广用作的牧草和绿肥的黑麦草,在一定程度上为其合理施磷肥提供了理论基础。主要研究结果如下:1.通过超微细技术所制得的微晶化磷矿粉90%的粒径在5.27μm以内,比普通磷矿粉粒径(0.15mm)显著减小。普通磷矿中的磷大多为非水溶性磷,但普通磷矿粉经超微细技术加工后,用2%的柠檬酸连续浸提六次均有磷溶出。与重过磷酸钙相比,微晶化磷矿粉的磷释放较缓,说明微晶化磷矿粉具有较强的后效。这种缓慢溶出磷的特性使得其在一次大量施入时不会对作物造成危害,反而可以作为一种理想的长效缓释磷肥,适宜施用于坡地、防风护沙地及免耕地。2.微晶化磷矿粉能显著提高土壤中速效磷含量,不同土壤相同处理间以棕壤中速效磷含量最高,其次是褐土,潮土最低;在红壤、棕壤和水稻土偏酸性土壤上速效磷释放量优于褐土和潮土偏碱性土壤。在红壤上,各处理上土壤速效磷含量的高低顺序为HN2HN3SPHN1CK,HN2处理微晶化磷矿粉的磷释放量最高,显著高于其他处理,等总价的HN3处理显著高于SP处理;棕壤和水稻土上,各处理上土壤速效磷含量的高低顺序为HN2HN3SPHN1CK,HN3处理与SP处理间差异不显著;褐土和潮土上,各处理上土壤速效磷含量的高低顺序为HN2SPHN3HN1CK,HN3处理与SP处理间差异不显著。3.不同的施磷肥处理对油菜的生长和品质以及氮代谢等的影响不同。油菜苗期的叶长、叶宽、干重和油菜叶片叶绿素含量以及VC含量在不同类型土壤上不同处理间也不同,在五种土壤上各处理都显著高于对照处理,HN2处理的效果最佳,均显著高于其他处理,在红壤和水稻土上,hn3处理显著高于sp处理,在褐土、棕壤和潮土上,等总价的hn3处理与sp处理的效果差异不显著;受不同处理的不同类型土壤中磷素含量的影响,油菜的全氮含量和氮代谢也随之不同,在棕壤上的全氮含量最高,氮代谢最强,微晶化磷矿粉处理在红壤、棕壤和水稻土上的效果较褐土和潮土好。4.在五种不同类型土壤中,微晶化磷矿粉能较对照显著提高油菜的全磷含量和磷吸收量。棕壤和水稻土中,hn2处理油菜全磷含量最高,等总价格条件下,棕壤和水稻土中hn3处理与sp处理间差异不显著,各处理的增幅顺序为hn2处理hn3处理sp处理hn1处理对照处理;油菜地上部和地下部的磷吸收量也较对照显著提高;褐土和潮土中,hn2处理效果最佳,其次是sp处理和hn3处理处理间差异不显著,各处理油菜地上部和地下部磷吸收量也较对照处理显著提高;红壤中,hn2处理效果最优,其次是hn3处理和hn1处理且两处理间差异不显著,油菜地上部和地下部磷吸收量以hn2处理最显著,各处理都比对照有所提高。5.在黑麦草的生长期和收获后共取三次土样,不同类型土壤上不同处理的土壤中的全磷和速效磷含量不同。棕壤和褐土的初土中的磷含量较高,微晶化磷矿粉处理和重过磷酸钙处理的差异性不显著,三次取土都以sp处理的土壤中磷含量最高;在红壤、水稻土和潮土中,初土的磷含量较低,施入不同处理的磷肥后土壤中的磷含量随取土的时期不同,含量也不同,在第一次和第二次取土时,各处理以sp处理土壤的全磷和速效磷含量高,第三次取土的土壤中的磷含量以hn2处理最高,且在红壤上hn2处理显著高于sp处理,说明微晶化磷矿粉有较好的后效且在酸性土壤上磷的溶出量更大。6.在85天刈割时黑麦草的株高和分蘖数、鲜重和干重、粗蛋白和粗纤维含量达到最大;各施肥均能提高黑麦草地上部叶绿素的含量,不同土壤上各施肥处理中以sp处理效果最佳,其次是hn2处理,红壤、棕壤和潮土上,sp处理与hn2处理间差异不显著,褐土和水稻土上sp处理优于hn2处理且两处理间差异显著,各土壤中hn2处理显著优于hn1处理;不同类型土壤上不同处理的微晶化磷矿粉全磷含量不同,红壤、棕壤、水稻土和潮土上,三次刈割sp处理最佳,在85天刈割时各处理的黑麦草的全磷含量最高,在185天刈割时hn2处理的黑麦草的全磷含量增幅最大,褐土上,三次刈割SP处理显著优于其他处理,比对照处理的黑麦草的磷含量的增幅最大。7.黑麦草的钙含量在褐土和棕壤上含量较高,在红壤和潮土上的含量较低,红壤上HN2处理的黑麦草的钙含量最高,其他四种土壤上黑麦草的钙含量的高低顺序为SP处理HN2处理HN1处理CK;黑麦草的镁含量在五种土壤上的含量差异较小,大体在320~484mg/kg之间,潮土和褐土上,SP处理黑麦草的镁含量最高,红壤、棕壤和水稻土上,HN2处理黑麦草的镁含量最高;黑麦草的铁含量在红壤上含量最高,SP处理的含量达到345.19mg/kg,在褐土和水稻土的各处理上黑麦草铁的含量差异不显著,但都高于对照处理,在棕壤和潮土上,HN2处理高于其他处理,但与SP处理间差异不显著;黑麦草的锌含量在潮土上最低,在褐土、棕壤、红壤上,SP处理的锌含量显著高于其他处理,在水稻土上,HN2处理锌含量显著高于其他处理。
[Abstract]:Phosphorus is one of the essential nutrient elements for plant growth and development. It participates in a variety of growth and metabolic processes in plants and plays an important role in agricultural production. With the rapid development of agriculture in recent years, the amount of phosphate fertilizer has increased year by year, but the total amount of phosphate mineral resources in China is abundant but most of them are low grade phosphate ores. Therefore, the middle and low grade is developed. Phosphate ore and improving the efficiency of its fertilizer efficiency have become the top priority. Phosphate rock, as a medium and low grade phosphate fertilizer, has received widespread attention in recent years, and its direct application on soil has been widely popularized. In order to further improve its phosphorus release rate, researchers have studied ultramicro technology to make its particle size to micron size. By planting rape and ryegrass, the effects of microcrystalline phosphorous mineral powder on soil fertility and Growth Physiological Indexes of five common soil types in red soil, brown soil, tidal soil, cinnamon soil and paddy soil were systematically studied in order to provide scientific theoretical basis for the rational application of microcrystalline phosphorous mineral powder. The main results are as follows: 1. the size of microcrystalline phosphorous mineral powder (90%) obtained by ultramicro technology is less than 5.27 mu m, which is less than that of ordinary phosphate rock (0.15mm). Most of the phosphorus in the common phosphate rock is non water-soluble. Phosphorus, but ordinary phosphorite powder is processed by ultrafine technology, leaching with 2% citric acid continuously for six times. Compared with heavy superphosphate, phosphorus release from microcrystalline phosphate mineral powder is slow, indicating that microcrystalline phosphorous mineral powder has strong aftereffect. This slow release of phosphorus makes it not harmful to crops when a large amount of phosphorus is dissolved in a large amount. On the contrary, it can be used as an ideal long-term sustained release phosphate fertilizer, which is suitable for applying to slope land, windproof and protecting sand land and.2. microcrystalline phosphorus mineral powder, which can significantly increase the content of available phosphorus in soil. The same treatment between different soils is the highest content of available phosphorus in brown soil, followed by brown soil, and the lowest in tidal soil; in red soil, brown soil and paddy soil The release of available phosphorus is better than that of soil and alkaline soil. In red soil, the content of available phosphorus in soil is HN2HN3SPHN1CK, and the release of phosphorus from microcrystalline phosphate is highest in HN2 treatment, which is significantly higher than that of other treatments, and the HN3 treatment of total price is significantly higher than that in SP; brown soil and paddy soil are treated with soil available phosphorus. The order of content was HN2HN3SPHN1CK, and there was no significant difference between HN3 treatment and SP treatment. The order of soil available phosphorus in soil and soil was HN2SPHN3HN1CK, and the difference of the difference between HN3 treatment and SP treatment was not significant to the growth and quality of rape and nitrogen metabolism. Leaf length, leaf width, dry weight and chlorophyll content of rape leaves and VC content were also different between different treatments on different types of soil. All treatments on five kinds of soil were significantly higher than those of control. HN2 treatment was the best and significantly higher than other treatments. In red soil and paddy soil, HN3 treatment was significantly higher than that of SP treatment, in brown soil, brown soil and in brown soil. On the tidal soil, the difference between the total value of HN3 treatment and the SP treatment was not significant. The total nitrogen content and nitrogen metabolism of the rape were different, the total nitrogen content and nitrogen metabolism on the brown soil were the highest and the nitrogen metabolism was the strongest in the brown soil. The effect of microcrystalline phosphate rock on red soil, brown soil and paddy soil was more than brown. Soil and tidal soil good.4. in five different types of soil, microcrystalline phosphorus mineral powder can significantly increase the total phosphorus content and phosphorus absorption of rapeseed. In brown soil and paddy soil, HN2 treatment of rape total phosphorus content is the highest. Under the total price conditions, the difference between HN3 treatment and SP treatment in Brown soil and paddy soil is not significant, the order of the growth of each treatment is HN2. HN3 treatment with SP treatment HN1 treatment control treatment, the phosphorus absorption in the upper and underground parts of the rapeseed was also significantly improved; in the brown soil and the tidal soil, the HN2 treatment was the best, followed by the SP treatment and the HN3 treatment, the difference was not significant, and the phosphorus absorption in the upper and underground parts of the rapeseed was significantly higher than that in the control. In the red soil, HN2 The results were the best, followed by HN3 treatment and HN1 treatment and the difference between the two treatments was not significant. The phosphorus absorption in the upper and underground parts of the rapeseed was the most significant with HN2 treatment. Each treatment was better than the control. The total phosphorus and the available phosphorus contained three times in the growth period and after the harvest of the ryegrass, and the total phosphorus and the available phosphorus in different soils on different types of soil were contained. The amount of phosphorus in the initial soil of brown soil and cinnamon soil is higher, and the difference between the treatment of microcrystalline phosphorous mineral powder and the treatment of heavy calcium superphosphate is not significant. The phosphorus content in the soil treated with SP is the highest. In the red soil, the paddy soil and the tidal soil, the phosphorus content of the initial soil is low, and the phosphorus content in the soil after the application of the different treated phosphate fertilizer is taken with the soil. In the first and second times, the content of total phosphorus and available phosphorus in the soil treated with SP was high, and the content of phosphorus in the third soils was the highest, and the HN2 treatment in the red soil was significantly higher than that of the SP treatment. It showed that the microcrystalline phosphate rock powder had better aftereffect and the solution in the acid soil. In the 85 day cutting, the plant height and the number of tillers, fresh weight and dry weight, the content of crude protein and coarse fiber reached the maximum in the 85 days cutting, and the content of chlorophyll in the upper part of rye grass could be improved. The best treatment effect was SP in different soil fertilization treatments, followed by HN2 treatment, red soil, brown soil and tidal soil, SP treatment and HN2 treatment. There was no significant difference between the SP treatment and the two treatments in the soil and the soil of the paddy soil. The HN2 treatment in the soil was significantly better than the HN1 treatment. The total phosphorus content of the microcrystalline phosphorous mineral powder on different soils was different, and the best treatment for the three mowing SP treatments was on the red soil, brown soil, paddy soil and the tidal soil, and the treatments were treated at 85 days after cutting. The total phosphorus content of ryegrass was the highest, and the total phosphorus content of ryegrass was the greatest increase in the 185 day mowing. On the brown soil, the three mowing of mowing was significantly better than the other treatments. The maximum increase of phosphorus content in the ryegrass was higher than that of the control treated ryegrass. The content of calcium content in the ryegrass was higher in the brown soil and the brown soil, and the content in the red soil and the tidal soil was more than that of the control. The content of HN2 was higher than that of the control. The calcium content of ryegrass was the highest on red soil with HN2 treatment. The order of calcium content of ryegrass on the other four soils was SP treatment HN2 treatment HN1 treatment CK, and the content of magnesium content in ryegrass was small in five soils. The content of magnesium in the soil and brown soil was the highest in 320~484mg/kg, in the soil and in the brown soil, and in the red soil and brown soil. On the paddy soil, HN2 has the highest magnesium content in ryegrass, the content of iron in ryegrass is the highest in red soil, and the content of SP treatment is 345.19mg/kg. The difference of iron content in ryegrass is not significant in the treatment of brown soil and paddy soil, but it is higher than that of control. In brown soil and tidal soil, HN2 treatment is higher than that of other treatments, but with SP treatment. The zinc content of ryegrass is the lowest in the tidal soil. In the brown soil, brown soil and red soil, the content of zinc treated by SP is significantly higher than that of other treatments. In paddy soil, the content of zinc in HN2 treatment is significantly higher than that of other treatments.
【学位授予单位】：山东农业大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：S143

【参考文献】