三种生物质新型肥料的研制与性能研究

发布时间：2018-07-08 20:45

本文选题：生物质 + 木质素　；参考：《西北农林科技大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：本学位论文以廉价的生物质材料木质素,鸡毛,纤维素为主要原料,以常用化学试剂对其进行改性,制备了几种多功能微肥。系统的研究了反应条件,运用先进的仪器设备对样品进行了表征;还考察了样品的应用效果。得到的主要结果如下。1、以工业碱木质素(L)为原料,经过酚化(PL)及酚化并羟甲基化(HPL)两种前处理,再分别对前处理产物PL和HPL进行羧甲基化改性得到CMPL和CMHPL。L水溶率为8.7%,CMPL水溶率为34.7%,CMHPL水溶率为69.7%。另外L、CMPL和CMHPL的锌离子吸附总量分别为53.8 mg/g、113.1 mg/g和124.2 mg/g。木质素经酚化,羟甲基化两步前处理,再羧甲基化改性可以很大程度上提高材料的水溶性和对锌离子的络合能力。2、以工业碱木质素(L)和鸡毛为原料,木质素酚化(PL)后与鸡毛碱解产物(CF)进行交联反应制备出PL-CF。PL-CF具有较大的比表面积(SBET,94.18 m2/g)和孔隙度(V p,0.48 cm3/g)。利用PL-CF制备了缓释铁肥(PL-CF-Fe),以木质素基铁肥(L-Fe)和鸡毛碱解液铁肥(CF-Fe)作为对照。静水释放试验中,L-Fe当天的铁元素溶出高达93%,CF-Fe次之(70%),PL-CF-Fe具有最低的铁元素溶出率(13.9%)。土壤培养试中,与L-Fe和CF-Fe相比PL-CF-Fe肥效期较长。PL-CF表现出一定的保水性能及保肥性能。3、以鸡毛(CF)和纤维素(Cell)为原料,氢氧化钾/水/尿素体系作为复合溶剂,制备了一种含氮(150.6 mg/g)、钾(136.7 mg/g)、锌(13.9 mg/g)的多功能锌肥(Cell-CF)。经复合溶剂处理后鸡毛和纤维素原料的结晶结构破坏较完全,Cell-CF中的多肽和纤维素进行了分子间的穿插折叠并形成了较强的分子间作用力,Cell-CF中的官能团与锌离子进行了络合反应。Cell-CF具有较好的吸水溶胀性,Cell-CF的交联网络结构可以延缓锌和钾离子的溶出。Cell-CF中锌的生物有效性高肥效期长,可作为一种长效锌肥。本论文的研究工作结合了废弃物的资源化利用技术与肥料缓释技术,在具备实用价值的同时也具有重要的理论意义,所得产品在缺铁及缺锌土壤上具有较大的应用潜力。
[Abstract]:In this dissertation, several kinds of multifunctional microfertilizers were prepared by modifying lignin, chicken hair and cellulose with common chemical reagents. The reaction conditions were systematically studied, and the sample was characterized by advanced instruments and equipment, and the application effect of the sample was also investigated. The main results are as follows: 1. Industrial alkali-lignin (L) was used as raw material after two kinds of pretreatment: phenolization (PL) and phenolation with hydroxymethylation (HPL). After carboxymethylation of pretreatment products PL and HPL respectively, the water solubility of CMP L and CMHPL.L was 8.7% and 34.7% respectively. The water solubility rate of CMHPL was 69.7%. In addition, the total amount of zinc ions adsorbed by LPP-L and CMHPL is 53.8 mg / g ~ (-1) mg/g and 124.2 mg / g ~ (-1), respectively. Lignin was treated with phenol and hydroxy methylation and modified with carboxymethylation to a great extent, the water-soluble and complexing ability of lignin to zinc ion was improved to a great extent. Industrial alkali-lignin (L) and chicken hair were used as raw materials. After phenolization (PL), PL-CF.PL-CF was crosslinked with the alkali-hydrolyzed product of chicken hair (CF) to prepare PL-CF.PL-CF with a large specific surface area (SBET-94.18 m2 / g) and porosity (V _ p _ (0.48 cm3/g). Slow release iron fertilizer (PL-CF-Fe) was prepared by using PL-CF as control, with lignin based iron fertilizer (L-Fe) and chicken hair alkali hydrolyzed iron fertilizer (CF-Fe) as control. In the hydrostatic release test, the iron dissolution of L-Fe on the same day was as high as 93CF-Fe (70%), and PL-CF-Fe had the lowest iron dissolution rate (13.9%). Compared with L-Fe and CF-Fe, PL-CF-Fe fertilizer efficiency period of PL-CF-Fe was longer than that of L-Fe and CF-Fe. PL-CF showed certain water and fertilizer retention properties. The chicken hair (CF) and cellulose (Cell) were used as raw materials and potassium hydroxide / water / urea system as composite solvent. A multifunctional zinc fertilizer (Cell-CF) containing nitrogen (150.6 mg/g), potassium (136.7 mg/g) and zinc (13.9 mg/g) was prepared. The crystal structure of chicken hair and cellulose was destroyed after the compound solvent treatment. The polypeptides and cellulose in Cell-CF were intermolecular intercalated and folded and formed a strong intermolecular interaction force between the functional groups and zinc ions in Cell-CF. The crosslinking network structure of Cell-CF with good water absorption and swelling property can delay the dissolution of zinc and potassium ions. The bioavailability of zinc in Cell-CF is longer than that of Cell-CF. It can be used as a long effect zinc fertilizer. The research work in this paper combines the technology of recycling of waste with the technology of fertilizer slow release, which has important theoretical significance as well as practical value. The product has great application potential in iron deficiency and zinc deficient soil.
【学位授予单位】：西北农林科技大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：TQ449

【相似文献】