烟盲蝽在烟草和番茄上的生长发育及对斜纹夜蛾和烟粉虱的捕食作用

发布时间：2018-07-08 21:12

本文选题：依赖植物密度的捕食 + 捕食行为　；参考：《南京农业大学》2015年硕士论文

【摘要】：烟盲蝽(Nesidiocoris tenuis)是一种以肉食为主兼食植物的杂食性昆虫,由于烟盲蝽对微小体型害虫具有较好的控制作用,常作为优良天敌用于温室害虫的生物防治;若干研究表明,杂食性盲蝽在作物大田中对害虫也具有较强的控制作用。迄今,烟盲蝽捕食桃蚜(Myzus persicae)、温室白粉虱(Trialeurodes aporariorum)、斜纹夜蛾(Spodoptera litura)低龄幼虫和小菜蛾(Plutella xylostella)幼虫等害虫的功能反应已有研究,且发现均符合Holling Ⅱ型模型。但这些研究存在两点不足:一是均在封闭的小型容器(如培养皿)中进行试验;二是数据分析中所采用的Holling Ⅱ圆盘方程的假定与试验设计不符,该方程假定猎物密度水平始终一样,而试验在观察期(如:24h)内均不能及时补充猎物使猎物密度始终保持一样。本试验以烟草(Nicotiana tαbacum)和番茄(Solanum lycopersicum)为盆栽寄主植物,以斜纹夜蛾(Spodoptera litura)低龄幼虫和烟粉虱(Bemisia tabaci)为猎物,观察烟盲蝽的生长发育和捕食作用。论文研究获得如下结果和结论。1、斜纹夜蛾幼虫和植物对烟盲蝽生长发育的影响采用非选择性饲喂试验,研究了斜纹夜蛾幼虫(有、无)和植物(番茄和烟草)食物对于烟盲椿生长发育的影响。研究结果表明,在没有斜纹夜蛾幼虫食物的情况下,烟盲蝽仅取食番茄或烟草只能发育到3龄或4龄;而在有斜纹夜蛾幼虫食物的情况下,烟盲蝽可以顺利发育到成虫,烟盲蝽若虫发育历期、存活率、成虫羽化率和性比在取食番茄与烟草食物之间没有显著差异,但取食烟草的子代雌成虫体型大于取食番茄的雌虫。研究结果说明,不同植物食物可影响烟盲蝽个体发育表现。2、烟盲蝽在烟草和番茄上对斜纹夜蛾幼虫和烟粉虱的捕食作用利用盆栽植物作为小生境,研究了烟盲蝽在烟草和番茄上对斜纹夜蛾低龄幼虫和烟粉虱的捕食效应。采用Holling-Ⅱ型功能反应模型估计功能反应模型参数。为揭示功能反应中的处理时间,对烟盲蝽的捕食行为进行了跟踪观察,对观察数据用广义线性模型拟合,以获得实际捕食参数,以此同由功能反应模型估计出的参数进行了比较。结果表明,烟盲蝽在烟草和番茄上对斜纹夜蛾低龄幼虫和烟粉虱的捕食均符合Holling-Ⅱ型功能反应模型,在相同猎物密度下其在烟草上的捕食猎物数量多于在番茄上的,而在相同植物上其对斜纹夜蛾幼虫的捕食数量多于对烟粉虱的捕食数量。通过对功能反应中处理时间的直接观察,定量描述了猎物处理时间和猎物密度呈负相关,修正了通用的功能反应模型的处理时间,更确切地估计了烟盲蝽对斜纹夜蛾的捕食作用。3、烟盲蝽在烟草和番茄上捕食斜纹夜蛾幼虫和烟粉虱的干扰效应利用盆栽植物作为小生境,研究了烟盲蝽在烟草和番茄上捕食斜纹夜蛾幼虫和烟粉虱的干扰效应。采用Hassell提出的E=QP-m估计搜寻常数和干扰系数。结果表明,烟盲蝽对烟粉虱的搜寻系数大于对斜纹夜蛾幼虫的;在烟草上的干扰系数大于在番茄上的。
[Abstract]:Nesidiocoris tenuis is a kind of omnivorous insect with meat as the main food and plant. Because the tobacco bug has a good control effect on small body pests, it is often used as a good natural enemy for the biological control of the greenhouse pests. Now, the fume bug preys on the Myzus persicae, the greenhouse whitefly (Trialeurodes aporariorum), the low age larva of the Spodoptera litura (Spodoptera litura) and the larva of the Plutella xylostella (Plutella xylostella), which are all in line with the Holling type II model. But there are two shortcomings in these studies: one is closed. A small container (such as a Petri dish) is tested; two is the assumption that the Holling II disk equation used in data analysis does not agree with the experimental design, which assumes that the level of prey density is always the same, and that the test in the observation period (such as: 24h) can not supplement the prey in time to keep the prey density the same. This test is based on tobacco (Nicotiana T). Alpha bacum) and tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) were potted host plants. The growth and predation of tobacco bugs were observed with the low age larvae of Spodoptera litura and Bemisia tabaci (Bemisia tabaci) as prey. The following results and conclusions were obtained and concluded that the effects of the larvae and plants on the growth and development of the smoke bug were adopted. The effects of the larvae (there, no) and plants (tomato and tobacco) on the growth and development of tobacco blindness were studied in a non selective feeding test. The results showed that, in the absence of the larvae of the Spodoptera Spodoptera, only tomato or tobacco could only be fed to 3 or 4 years of age, while the food of the Spodoptera Spodoptera larva was in the case of food. At the same time, the tobacco bug can develop successfully to the adult. The survival rate, the survival rate, the survival rate, the adult emergence rate and the sex ratio are not significantly different between the feeding tomato and the tobacco food, but the adult female adults who eat tobacco are larger than those of the edible tomato. The results show that different plant foods can affect the individual development of the tobacco bug. 2, the predation effect of the bugs on the larvae and the whitefly of the tobacco and tomatoes on the larvae of the Spodoptera Spodoptera and Bemisia tabaci was used as a niche to study the predation effects of the tobacco bugs on the young larvae of the Spodoptera litura and Bemisia tabaci on tobacco and tomatoes. The functional response model was used to estimate the functional response model parameters using the Holling- type II functional response model. The predation behavior of the tobacco bug was observed and the observation data were fitted with the generalized linear model to obtain the actual predation parameters. The results were compared with the parameters estimated by the functional response model. The results showed that the predation of the tobacco and tomato bugs on the low age larvae of the Spodoptera Spodoptera and the Bemisia tabaci were both in tobacco and tomato. In accordance with the Holling- model II functional response model, the number of preys on the tobacco is more than that on tomatoes at the same prey density, while the number of preys on the larvae of the Spodoptera Spodoptera is more than that on the number of Bemisia tabaci on the same plant. A negative correlation was found between the interval and the density of the prey, the processing time of the general functional response model was corrected, and the predation effect of the smoky bug on the Spodoptera litura was more accurate. The interference effects of the tobacco and tomato bugs on the tobacco and tomatoes on the larvae of the Spodoptera Spodoptera and the bacon tabaci were used as a niche, and the tobacco and tomato plants were studied in the tobacco and tomato plants. The interference effect of preying on the larvae of Spodoptera Spodoptera and whitefly Bemisia tabaci was carried out. The E=QP-m search constant and interference coefficient proposed by Hassell were used. The results showed that the searching coefficient of the bugs was greater than that of the larvae of the Spodoptera Spodoptera, and the interference coefficient on tobacco was greater than that on the tomato.
【学位授予单位】：南京农业大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：S476.2

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