棉铃虫眼色突变体的研究

发布时间：2018-07-09 20:36

本文选题：棉铃虫 + 眼色突变　；参考：《安徽大学》2015年硕士论文

【摘要】：棉铃虫(Helicoverpa armigera)属于鳞翅目(Lepidoptera),夜蛾科(Noctuidae),实夜蛾亚科(Heliothinae),棉铃虫属(Helicoverpa Hardwick)。棉铃虫是一种多食性害虫,具有很强的繁殖能力和迁飞能力,并且可以兼性滞育,是主要农业害虫之一。实验室在棉铃虫人工饲养过程中发现一种复眼眼色呈黄色的突变体,通过连续饲养建立了黄眼突变体种群。通常情况下野生型棉铃虫的受精卵表现为红褐色、幼虫体色为褐色或黑色；成虫“日眼”表面为绿色,核心区为黑色；“夜眼”表面为黑色,中心较透亮。实验室获得的黄眼突变型棉铃虫受精卵不呈现颜色的变化、一龄幼虫体色为白色,二龄以后的幼虫呈现青色或绿色；成虫“日眼”表面为黄色,核心区为橙红色；“夜眼”周围橙红色,中心较透亮。突变体和野生型在幼虫体色和成虫复眼颜色上存在显著的差别。本研究通过黄眼突变体和野生型的杂交发现杂交代全都表现为野生型；当杂交代与黄眼突变体回交时,后代有50%的个体表现为黄眼突变体,另外50%的个体表现为野生型；而当杂交代自交时,后代中有75%个体表现为野生型和25%的个体表现为黄眼突变体。通过传统的遗传学分析证实黄眼突变体是单基因控制的隐形遗传。复眼眼色突变是否有害?我们系统的比较了回交代黄眼突变体和野生型棉铃虫的生长发育和体重,发现黄眼突变体和野生型的幼虫期、蛹期及总历期没有显著的差别,并且二者在蛹重上也没有表现出差异。进而,我们评估了黄眼突变体和野生型棉铃虫的产卵量和卵受精率,发现黄眼突变体棉铃虫和野生型棉铃虫不存在显著差异。本研究证实黄眼突变体在生长发育和繁殖方面与野生型棉铃虫相比,没有差异,属无害突变。黄眼突变体是否导致性信息素主要组分比例的改变?眼色的变化是否导致配偶选择的改变?首先,我们分别剪取了黄眼突变体和野生棉铃虫雌蛾的性腺,提取了信息素进而进行了GC-MS分析,发现Z9-16：Ald和Z11-16:Ald两组分的比率在黄眼突变体棉铃虫和野生型棉铃虫之间没有显著差异。配偶选择实验证实无论是黄眼突变体雄蛾还是野生型雄蛾都对黄眼突变体雌蛾和野生型雌蛾没有表现出显著的选择倾向。此外,黄眼突变体雌蛾和野生型雌蛾均未对黄眼突变体雄蛾／野生型雄蛾表现出选择的差异。眼色不参与成虫的配对选择。最后我们进行了棉铃虫突变体和野生型的被捕食和被寄生的比较研究,评估了天敌(捕食性和寄生性)对二者捕食和寄生的差别。在被捕食的试验中,在烟草、辣椒和果实成熟前的番茄植株上,发现黄眼突变体二龄(体色为青绿色)与野生型二龄幼虫(褐色)能更好的躲避捕食性天敌；而在果实成熟期的番茄上,突变体的青绿色幼虫更容易被捕食。以棉铃虫齿唇姬蜂为例,研究了寄生蜂对两体色差异幼虫的寄生效率,发现寄生蜂对二者的寄生效率没有显著差异。本研究以“棉铃虫眼色突变体的研究”为题,结合传统遗传学和生态学的研究方法,旨在明确复眼眼色突变体的遗传机制,阐明突变体在生态适应能力方面的优劣,进而评估未来棉铃虫种群的趋势,为未来棉铃虫种群的治理提供理论依据。通过本研究,发现黄眼突变体在生长发育和繁殖方面与野生型相比没有差异；黄眼不参与性选择：黄眼突变体,由于体色与寄主植物背景相近,能较好的隐藏从而逃避捕食性天敌的危害,但对利用挥发物定位寄主的寄生性天敌而言,不具备优越性。由于黄眼突变体棉铃虫具有更好的逃避捕食性天敌取食的能力,棉铃虫未来种群可能会上升或爆发的可能。
[Abstract]:In this study , the species belongs to lepidopteran , Noctuidae , Heliothinae , and HHardwick . A kind of polyphagous pest is a kind of polyphagous pest . It has strong reproduction ability and ability to fly , and it is one of the main agricultural pests .
The surface of adult " day eye " is green , and the core area is black ;
The surface of the " night eye " is black , the center is relatively bright . The laboratory obtains the yellow - eye mutant cotton bollworms fertilized eggs do not show the color change , the first - instar larvae body color is white , the second - instar larvae appear cyan or green ;
The surface of adult " day eye " is yellow , and the core area is orange red ;
There was a significant difference between the yellow eye mutant and the wild type in the color of the larvae and adult complex eye . The study showed that all the hybrids were wild type by the hybrid of yellow eye mutant and wild type .
When the hybrids were backcrossed with yellow - eye mutants , 50 % of the individuals showed yellow - eye mutants , and 50 % of the individuals showed wild - type ;
The results showed that the yellow eye mutant and wild type cotton boll worm did not show significant differences in both growth and reproduction of yellow eye mutant and wild type cotton .
In this study , we found that the yellow eye mutant has no difference compared with the wild type in the aspects of growth and reproduction .
Yellow eye non - participation selection : yellow eye mutant , because the body color is close to the background of host plant , can be better hidden so as to escape the harm of predators , but does not have the superiority to the parasitic natural enemy using the volatile matter to locate the host . Because yellow eye mutant cotton bollworms have better ability to avoid predators , the future population of cotton bolls may rise or outbreak .
【学位授予单位】：安徽大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：S433

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