肉牛养殖场气体排放及下垫面土壤N素分布研究

发布时间：2018-07-10 14:52

本文选题：肉牛养殖场 + 饲喂方式　；参考：《河北农业大学》2015年硕士论文

【摘要】：畜牧养殖过程中产生的N2O、CH4是全球温室气体的主要农业排放源,排放的NH3也是大气、水体和土壤最主要的污染物之一。肉牛养殖业的N2O、CH4和NH3的年排放总量均排在世界同行的前列,但我国在肉牛养殖业的气体排放方面的研究仍较薄弱。因此,明确我国养殖场尺度N2O、CH4及NH3的日排放特征,估算N2O、CH4及NH3的排放强度,不仅为实现我国肉牛业温室气体减排目标提供思路和技术,同时也为其他养殖业的可持续发展提供重要的理论与技术支持。本研究采用自行设计的自动采样装置、氨气激光测定仪与反演式气体扩散技术相结合的研究方法,测定了我国限制采食和自由采食两种养殖方式下肉牛养殖场尺度的N2O、CH4及NH3排放,其中2013年9月6日至9月28日与2014年5月16日至6月12日以及2014年10月20日到11月6日对限制采食肉牛养殖场进行原位测定,2013年10月21日至11月19日,2014年3月15日至4月11日,原位测定了自由采食肉牛养殖场,以探讨不同养殖模式下肉牛养殖场N2O、CH4及NH3的日排放特征,并估算N2O、CH4及NH3的排放强度,以及饲料N2O、CH4及NH3的转化因子,同时以农田土壤N素垂直分布为对照,探究不同饲养模式肉牛养殖场饲喂区、运动区土壤N素分布情况。其主要结果如下:1.试验肉牛场尺度N2O排放存在明显的日排放特征。两种饲喂方式养殖场N2O排放呈白天高、晚上低的趋势。限制采食肉牛养殖场2013年9月N2O排放高峰值出现在10:30之后排放量逐渐降低,2014年5月-6月N2O排放高峰出现在8:30 am-16:30pm,之后呈缓慢下降趋势,N2O排放量分别为7.5 g/head/d和10.9 g/head/d。饲料摄入总N转化为N2O-N的转化系数分别为2.5%和3.7%。自由采食肉牛养殖场N2O在2013年10月11月与2014年3月-4月的排放排放高峰期为08:00 am-17:30 pm,随后排放曲线开始呈现缓慢下降趋势,并在0:30 am的时候达到最低值,排放量分别为13.0g/head/d和29.4 g/head/d。N2O-N的损失占总摄入N量的分别为5.2%和11.7%。2.试验肉牛场尺度不同饲喂方式下CH4日排放特征不同。限制采食肉牛养殖场CH4在2013年9月与2014年5月-6月测定期间排放速率分别为6.2 g/head/h-12.4g/head/h,7.0 g/head/h-13.6 g/head/h,CH4排放量分别为219 g/head/d和240 g/head/d。试验期间CH4排放存在两个排放高峰,分别在9:30am和17:30pm,这与饲料日粮消化规律基本吻合,其反刍CH4转化系数Ym分别为6.5%和7.1%。自由采食肉牛养殖场CH4在2013年10月11月与2014年3月-4月的排放速率分别为2.6 g/head/h-15.5g/head/h和5.3 g/head/h-10.8 g/head/h。CH4排放一天中只有一个高峰,发生在8:00am-18:00 pm,CH4排放量分别为204 g/head/d和192 g/head/d。CH4转化系数分别为6.9%和6.5%。3.试验肉牛场尺度NH3排放存在明显的日排放特征。2014年5月与2014年10月限制采食肉牛养殖场NH3高峰均发生在10:00-14:00。试验期间NH3排放量为172g/head/d和157 g/head/d,饲料摄入总氮转化为NH3的转化系数分别为75.3%和68.8%。4.养殖场土壤剖面N素分布存在显著差异。养殖场不同深度土层N素含量普遍高于同一深度农田。0-100 cm土层硝态氮含量为养殖场饲喂区养殖场运动区相邻农田,由于养殖密度大,粪便长期堆积,粪便中含有有机质、氮素等养分,过量的养分可能通过径流和下渗等方式进入水体,造成水环境污染。
[Abstract]:The N2O, CH4, produced in the process of livestock breeding, is the main source of agricultural emissions of global greenhouse gases, and the NH3 emission is one of the most important pollutants in the atmosphere, water and soil. The annual emission of N2O, CH4 and NH3 in beef cattle breeding is ranked in the forefront of the world, but the research on the gas emission of beef cattle breeding is still relatively thin in China. Therefore, to identify the daily emission characteristics of N2O, CH4 and NH3 on the farm scale in China, and to estimate the emission intensity of N2O, CH4 and NH3, not only provide ideas and techniques for the realization of greenhouse gas emission reduction targets in beef cattle industry in China, but also provide important theoretical and technical support for the sustainable development of other breeding industries. The method of combining the sampling device, the ammonia laser measuring instrument and the inversion gas diffusion technology was used to determine the N2O, CH4 and NH3 emission of beef cattle breeding field on two breeding methods, which were restricted by food and free feeding. From September 6, 2013 to September 28th and May 16, 2014 to June 12th and October 20, 2014 to November 6th, In situ determination of beef cattle breeding farms, from October 21, 2013 to November 19th, March 15, 2014 to April 11th, the free feeding beef cattle farms were measured in situ to explore the daily emission characteristics of N2O, CH4 and NH3 in beef cattle farms under different culture patterns, and to estimate the emission intensity of N2O, CH4 and NH3, as well as the transformation of N2O, CH4 and NH3 in feed. Factor, at the same time, the vertical distribution of N in farmland soil was taken as the control, and the distribution of soil N in the soil of the beef cattle breeding farm of different feeding patterns was investigated. The main results were as follows: 1. there were obvious daily emission characteristics of the N2O emission in the beef cattle farm scale. The N2O emission of the breeding farms was high in the daytime and low in the evening. The peak value of N2O emission in the carnivorous cattle farm in September 2013 was gradually reduced after 10:30, and the peak of N2O emission in May 2014 was at 8:30 am-16:30pm at 8:30 in May 2014, and then a slow decline trend. The conversion coefficient of 7.5 g/head/d and 10.9 g/head/d. feed intake total N to N2O-N was 2.5% and 3.7%. free recovery respectively. The peak period of N2O in November October 2013 and -4 month March 2014 of carnivorous cattle farm was 08:00 am-17:30 PM, and then the emission curve began to decline slowly and reached the lowest value at 0:30 am, and the loss of 13.0g/head/d and 29.4 g/head/d.N2O-N, respectively, accounted for 5.2% and 11.7%.2. respectively. The CH4 emission characteristics were different under different feeding methods. The emission rates of CH4 in September 2013 and May 2014 -6 months were 6.2 g/head/h-12.4g/head/h, 7 g/head/h-13.6 g/head/h respectively, and CH4 emissions were 219 g/head/d and 240 g/head/d. during the period of September 2013, respectively, and there were two rows of CH4 emissions. The peak values were in 9:30am and 17:30pm respectively, which were basically consistent with the diet digestion rules. The ruminant CH4 conversion coefficient Ym was 6.5% and 7.1%. free feeding beef cattle breeding farm CH4 was 2.6 g/head/h-15.5g/head/h and 5.3 g/head/h-10.8 g/head/h.CH4 respectively in November October 2013 and March 2014 month March 2014, respectively. A peak, occurring at 8:00am-18:00 PM, CH4 emissions are 204 g/head/d and 192 g/head/d.CH4 conversion coefficients respectively 6.9% and 6.5%.3. tests, respectively, and NH3 emissions of meat and cattle farms have obvious diurnal emission characteristics. The peak of NH3 peak at.2014 year May and October 2014 restricted feed beef cattle farms are all NH3 emission during 10:00-14:00. test. 172g/head/d and 157 g/head/d, the conversion coefficient of total nitrogen conversion to NH3 in feed intake was 75.3% and the distribution of N in the soil profile of 68.8%.4. farms was significantly different. The content of N in the soil layer at different depth of the breeding farm was generally higher than the nitrate content in the.0-100 cm soil layer of the same depth farmland, which was the adjacent farmland in the breeding farm area. The density of the culture is large and the feces accumulate for a long time. The feces contain organic matter, nitrogen and other nutrients. The excess nutrients may enter the water body through runoff and infiltration, causing water pollution.
【学位授予单位】：河北农业大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：S823;S158

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