生防链霉菌配施棉秆炭对连作棉田土壤微生物区系的影响

发布时间：2018-07-11 10:59

本文选题：棉秆炭 + 生防放线菌　；参考：《中国生态农业学报》2017年03期

【摘要】：棉花是重要的经济作物,长期连作能引起棉花土壤微生态的失衡、土传病害加重、进而导致产量和品质的下降,影响棉花产业的健康发展。本文以连作棉田土壤为研究对象,进行室内培养试验,在施用生防放线菌黄三素链霉菌(Streptomyces flavotricini)的基础上添加不同量的棉秆炭[0 g·kg~(-1)(CK)、25.0 g·kg~(-1)、50.0 g·kg~(-1)、100.0 g·kg~(-1)],采用微生物计数和16S rDNA基因序列分析的方法,研究两者配施对连作棉田土壤中生防菌数量、微生物数量和种类的影响,为棉花黄萎病的生物防治提供新的思路。研究结果表明:(1)生防放线菌配施棉秆炭对连作棉田土壤中微生物区系有显著的影响。与单施生防放线菌菌剂的处理相比,两者配施显著增加了土壤中细菌、放线菌和真菌数量,其中配施25.0 g·kg-1棉秆炭处理使土壤中细菌/真菌数量比(B/F)、放线菌/真菌数量比(A/F)分别增加了5 271.2%和30.8%(P0.05)。(2)土壤中生防放线菌数量随着棉秆炭施用量增加而显著增加,配施100.0 g·kg~(-1)棉秆炭处理显著增加了2 672.8%(P0.05)。棉秆炭具有作为生防放线菌良好载体的潜力。(3)生防放线菌配施棉秆炭也改变了土壤中优势微生物的数量和比例,尤其提高了细菌中芽孢杆菌的数量和所占的比例;100.0 g·kg~(-1)棉秆炭与菌剂配施使土壤中链霉菌的数量及比例显著高于对照,但降低了小单孢菌数量;增加了真菌中米曲梅、黑曲霉和木霉的数量,但使其所占比例降低。由此可以看出,生防放线菌配施棉秆炭能提高连作棉田土壤中生防放线菌的数量,增强生防菌制剂的防病促生作用,改善连作棉田土壤微生物群落结构,在防控棉花连作障碍上具有较大的应用潜力。
[Abstract]:Cotton is an important cash crop. Continuous cropping for a long time can cause the imbalance of soil microecology of cotton and aggravate soil-borne diseases, which will lead to the decline of yield and quality, which will affect the healthy development of cotton industry. In this paper, the soil of continuous cropping cotton field was used as the research object, and the indoor culture experiment was carried out. On the basis of applying Streptomyces flavotricini, a biocontrol actinomycetes, different amount of cotton stalk carbon [0 g kg-1 (CK) 25.0 g kg-1] was added. Microbial count and 16s rDNA gene sequence analysis were used to study the amount of biocontrol bacteria in the soil of continuous cropping cotton field. The effect of microorganism quantity and species provides a new idea for the biological control of cotton Verticillium wilt. The results showed that: (1) the biocontrol actinomycetes combined with cotton stalk charcoal had a significant effect on the microflora in the soil of continuous cropping cotton field. Compared with the treatment of biocontrol actinomycetes alone, the combination of the two treatments significantly increased the number of bacteria, actinomycetes and fungi in soil. The ratio of bacteria to fungi (B / F) and the ratio of actinomycetes to fungi (A / F) increased by 5271.2% and 30.8% (P0.05 /). (_ 2), respectively. The amount of biocontrol actinomycetes in soil increased with the application of cotton stalk charcoal. Combined application of 100.0 g kg ~ (-1) of cotton stalk carbon increased significantly by 2 672.8% (P0.05). Cotton stalk charcoal has the potential to be a good carrier for biocontrol actinomycetes. (3) Biocontrol actinomycetes combined with cotton stalk charcoal also changed the number and proportion of dominant microorganisms in soil. In particular, the amount and proportion of Bacillus spp. In the soil were increased by adding 100.0 g kg ~ (-1) cotton stalk carbon and fungicidal agent, the amount and proportion of Streptomyces in soil were significantly higher than that of the control, but the number of micromonospora was decreased, and the quantity of Aspergillus millet in fungi was increased. Aspergillus Niger and Trichoderma Niger, but the proportion of them decreased. It can be seen that biocontrol actinomycetes combined with cotton stalk charcoal can increase the number of biocontrol actinomycetes in continuous cropping cotton soil, enhance the effect of biocontrol agents on disease prevention and growth, and improve the soil microbial community structure of continuous cropping cotton fields. It has great application potential in preventing and controlling cotton continuous cropping obstacle.
【作者单位】：西北农林科技大学生命科学学院;新疆农业科学院土壤肥料与农业节水研究所;新疆农业科学院微生物应用研究所;西北农林科技大学资源环境学院;
【基金】：公益性行业(农业)科研专项经费项目(201503136) 国家自然科学基金项目(31460148,41261065,41261059) 新疆维吾尔自治区科技支撑计划项目(201431108) 新疆维吾尔自治区优秀青年科技人才培养项目(qn2015yx024)资助~~
【分类号】：S154.3;S562

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