苹果专用肥对旱地果园土壤酶活性以及微生物多样性的影响

发布时间：2018-07-13 07:58

【摘要】：在10年生旱地红富士苹果园,研究了施用等养分(N、P2O5、K2O)量的无机肥(IF)、农家肥+无机肥(MIF)、苹果专用肥(ASF)后土壤养分、酶活性和微生物群落功能多样性的变化。结果表明,MIF和ASF处理显著提高了土壤有机质含量,分别较IF处理提高24.01%和21.07%,而土壤全氮含量在处理间无显著性差异;IF和ASF处理下土壤有效氮、速效磷和速效钾含量均高于MIF处理。MIF和ASF处理均显著提高了土壤过氧化氢酶、脲酶、蔗糖酶和碱性磷酸酶活性,且ASF处理下土壤脲酶和蔗糖酶活性亦显著高于MIF处理,分别增加18.97%和13.69%。ASF处理的土壤微生物群落平均颜色变化率(AWCD)、碳源利用丰富度指数(S)、物种丰富度指数(H)、优势度指数(D)均为最高;土壤微生物利用的碳源主要是糖类、多聚物类、氨基酸类和羧酸类,ASF处理显著提高了土壤微生物对羧酸类、多酚类和胺类的利用。主成分分析结果表明,不同施肥处理改变了土壤微生物碳源利用特征出现分异,对第一主成分(PC1)影响较大的碳源主要是糖类。不同施肥对果园土壤酶活性和微生物群落功能产生了显著影响,ASF处理更有利于提高土壤酶活性以及微生物群落功能多样性。
[Abstract]:The changes of soil nutrient, enzyme activity and functional diversity of microbial community were studied after applying inorganic fertilizer (if), agricultural manure inorganic fertilizer (MIF) and apple special fertilizer (ASF) in 10 years old red Fuji apple orchard. The results showed that the soil organic matter content was increased by 24.01% and 21.07% in MIF and ASF treatments, respectively, but there was no significant difference in soil total nitrogen content between treatments. The soil catalase, urease, sucrase and alkaline phosphatase activities were significantly higher in ASF treatment than in MIF treatment and ASF treatment, and the soil urease and sucrase activity in ASF treatment were significantly higher than that in MIF treatment. The average color change rate (AWCD), carbon use richness index (S), species richness index (H) and dominance index (D) of soil microbial communities were increased by 18.97% and 13.69.ASF, respectively. The utilization of carboxylic acids, polyphenols and amines by soil microbes was significantly increased by amino acid and carboxylic acid ASF treatments. The results of principal component analysis (PCA) showed that different fertilization treatments changed the characteristics of soil microbial carbon source utilization, and the major carbon source affecting the first principal component (PC1) was carbohydrate. Different fertilization had a significant effect on soil enzyme activity and microbial community function in orchard. ASF treatment was more beneficial to improve soil enzyme activity and microbial community functional diversity.
【作者单位】：西北农林科技大学资源环境学院;杨凌本香农业产业集团有限公司;
【基金】：陕西省科技成果转化项目
【分类号】：S154;S661.1

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