长期施用不同肥料土PLFA指纹特征

发布时间：2018-07-13 13:14

【摘要】：【目的】土壤微生物群落结构的组成与活性的变化是衡量土壤肥力的重要指标,研究长期不同施肥和土壤管理方式对X土微生物群落结构的影响,对于指导X土施肥和土壤管理,实现农田可持续利用具有重要意义。【方法】以陕西杨凌"国家黄土肥力与肥料效益监测基地"长期肥料定位试验为基础,运用磷脂脂肪酸标记法(PLFA),研究了X土长期不同施肥及土地利用方式下土壤微生物群落结构及其与土壤理化性质的关系。处理包括:长期不施肥(CK)、单施氮肥(N)、长期配合施用氮钾(NK)、磷钾(PK)、氮磷(NP)、有机肥和氮磷钾(MNPK)以及长期休闲(FL)和撂荒(AB)。【结果】与对照相比,MNPK、NP和撂荒处理土壤总PLFA分别增加218.8%、73.9%和74.3%,细菌分别增加188.3%、80.8%和82.6%,真菌分别增加了315.8%、111.5%和167.0%,放线菌分别增加了23.7%、21.3%和16.3%,同时也显著增加了真菌/细菌比;N、NK和PK土壤总PLFA、细菌、真菌差异不显著,但PK显著降低放线菌的含量;与农田施肥相比,休闲和撂荒显著降低G~+和G~-含量。多样性指数结果表明,长期有机无机配施明显提高土壤微生物群落的Shannon-Winner多样性指数、Simpson优势度和Pielou均匀度指数,撂荒和NP也能显著增加Shannon-Winner多样性指数和Pielou均匀度指数,而长期休闲处理均明显降低了这些指数。主成分分析表明,MNPK、NP、撂荒和休闲土壤微生物群落结构发生较大变化;MNPK显著提高G~-(18:1ω5c,cy19:0ω7c)、细菌(16:0、10Me22:0饱和脂肪酸)及真核生物(18:3ω6c、16:3ω6c,22:2ω6c)的多度值,撂荒(AB)和NP显著提高细菌(15:0,18:0,22:0,17:0饱和脂肪酸)的多度值。RDA分析表明,土壤理化性质对微生物菌群影响的重要性依次为有机质全氮含水量速效磷pH容重速效钾,这些理化因子均是微生物生长的关键因子。【结论】长期有机无机肥配施、氮磷配施和撂荒提高了土壤微生物群落结构多样性,从而改善了土壤生态环境,而长期休闲不利于土壤生态系统的稳定和健康。
[Abstract]:[objective] the change of soil microbial community structure and activity is an important index to measure soil fertility. The effects of long-term fertilization and soil management on the structure of soil microbial community were studied. It is of great significance to guide the application of fertilizer and soil management in X soil and to realize the sustainable utilization of farmland. [methods] based on the long-term fertilizer location experiment of "National Loess Fertility and Fertilizer benefit Monitoring Base" in Yang Ling of Shaanxi Province, Using phospholipid fatty acid labeling (PLFA), the structure of soil microbial community and its relationship with soil physical and chemical properties under long-term fertilization and land use in X soil were studied. The treatments included long-term no-fertilization (CK), nitrogen fertilizer application (N) alone, long-term combined application of nitrogen and potassium (NK), phosphorus (competition), nitrogen and phosphorus (NP), organic fertilizer and nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium (MNPK), long-term recreation (FL) and abandonment (AB). [results] compared with the control, the soil total PLFA scores of MNPKNP and abandoned treatments were higher than those of the control. Don't increase by 73.9% and 74.3%, bacteria by 188.3% and 82.6%, fungi by 315.81.5% and 167.0%, actinomycetes by 23.721.3% and 16.3%, respectively. At the same time, they also significantly increased the ratio of fungi to bacteria (NNK) and the total PLFA-bacteria in the competitive soil, bacteria, bacteria. The difference of fungi was not significant, but competition significantly decreased the content of actinomycetes, and compared with fertilization in farmland, fallow and abandoned significantly decreased the contents of G- and Gn-. The results of diversity index showed that the Shannon-Winner diversity index, Pielou evenness index and Shannon-Winner diversity index and Pielou evenness index of soil microbial community were significantly increased by long-term organic and inorganic application, and the Shannon-Winner diversity index and Pielou evenness index were also significantly increased by abandonment and NP. And long-term leisure treatment significantly reduced these indices. The results of principal component analysis showed that the microbial community structure of MNPKN, abandoned and recreational soils changed greatly. MNPK significantly increased the degrees of Gn- (18:1 蠅 5cncy19: 0 蠅 7c), bacteria (16: 0 10 Me22: 0 saturated fatty acids) and eukaryotes (18:3 蠅 6c16: 3 蠅 6c222 蠅 6c). Abandonment (AB) and NP significantly increased the abundance value of bacteria (15: 0: 18: 22: 0: 17: 0 saturated fatty acids). RDA analysis showed that the importance of soil physical and chemical properties to the microbial flora was: organic matter, total nitrogen, water content, available phosphorus, available pH, available potassium. These physical and chemical factors are the key factors for microbial growth. [conclusion] Long-term organic and inorganic fertilizer application, nitrogen and phosphorus combined application and abandonment improved the diversity of soil microbial community structure, thus improving the soil ecological environment. And long-term leisure is not conducive to the stability and health of soil ecosystem.
【作者单位】：西北农林科技大学资源环境学院/农业部西北植物营养与农业环境重点实验室;西北农林科技大学水利与建筑工程学院;
【基金】：国家公益性行业(农业)科研专项(201203030) 陕西省自然科学基础研究计划项目(2015JM4130) 中央高校基本科研创新项目(QN2012038) 高等学校学科创新引智计划(B12007)
【分类号】：S158

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