播种行土壤实度测量系统的开发
发布时间：2018-07-15 13:21
【摘要】：土壤紧实度，又叫土壤硬度或者土壤穿透阻力，是土壤抵抗外力的压实和破碎的能力。普遍采用贯入法进行测定，将测量针匀速地压入土壤，用测量针压入土壤时的压强表示（单位为Pa）。紧实度是土壤重要的物理特性，它通过影响土壤的通气性、透水性、养分的形态及其转化，直接或间接地决定土壤中的孔隙、肥、水、热、气等状况，对作物根系对土壤中养分和水分的吸收利用造成影响，关系着农作物的生长发育乃至最终的产量。因此，土壤紧度的测量及其应用一直是相关学术领域的关注重点。长期以来,人们对土壤紧实度的研究做了不少的工作，但是土壤紧实度与土壤其它理化性状的关系并没有完全搞清，各种作物生长的最适宜土壤紧实度范围是很模糊的。可以说在此基础上所采取的一些耕作措施，在一定程度上是盲目的。因此,探讨土壤紧实度问题,对于合理安排耕作栽培措施，达到省工、省时、高产、高效的目的有着十分重要的意义。而国内外生产的土壤紧实度计都是单针的、手动操作的，不便于研究播种行紧实度的分布；国外研究的车载式多探针微贯入土壤紧实度测量系统，未结合播种行的轮廓进行分析，并且与手动操作的测量装置相同的是，采用液压系统控制，将测量针压入土壤的速度并不能保持匀速。本文旨在开发一套测量播种行截面上土壤紧实度分布的系统，采用电机控制，既能精确测量播种行的轮廓，又能测量该轮廓的土壤紧实度的分布，以便于相关领域的学者对播种行土壤紧实度分布对作物生产的影响进行研究和评价。 论文主要研究内容包括: 1、分析了国内外对土壤紧实度测量的研究情况，掌握了土壤紧实度分布测量研究方法，讲述了土壤紧实度分布的重要性及意义； 2、通过对国内外土壤紧实度测量方法的深入分析，制定了结合播种行轮廓研究土壤紧实度分布的总体设计方案； 3、完成播种行轮廓测量模块和播种行土壤紧实度分布测量模块的方案设计，对于控制模块，用PLC作为控制器并进行二次开发，在上位机编写了基于C#的人机交互界面，实现对传感器数据的采集、处理和存储以及与下位机的PLC通信以控制系统运转； 4、利用播种行土壤紧实度测量系统在室内进行测试实验，结合测量的土壤紧实度和播种行轮廓完成土壤紧实度分布的绘制，并将经过处理的数据保存到指定文件中，长期存储。
[Abstract]:Soil compactness, also known as soil hardness or soil penetration resistance, is the ability of soil to resist external forces. The penetration method is widely used to measure the pressure of the measuring needle into the soil at a uniform rate, and the pressure (Pa) is expressed by the pressure when the measuring needle is pressed into the soil. Compactness is an important physical property of soil. It directly or indirectly determines the porosity, fertilizer, water, heat, gas and so on of soil by influencing soil aeration, permeability, nutrient form and its transformation. The effects of crop roots on the absorption and utilization of soil nutrients and water are related to the growth and development of crops and even the final yield. Therefore, the measurement of soil compactness and its application have been the focus of academic research. For a long time, people have done a lot of work on soil compactness, but the relationship between soil compactness and other physical and chemical properties of soil has not been fully understood, and the optimum range of soil compactness for various crops is very fuzzy. It can be said that some farming measures taken on this basis are blind to some extent. Therefore, the discussion of soil compactness is of great significance for rational arrangement of cultivation and cultivation measures to achieve the goal of saving labor, time, high yield and high efficiency. The soil compactness meter produced at home and abroad is single needle, manual operation, which is not convenient to study the distribution of sowing row compactness. The profile of the seeding row was not analyzed and, as with the manually operated measuring device, the velocity of the measuring needle pressed into the soil could not be kept constant using hydraulic system control. The purpose of this paper is to develop a system for measuring the distribution of soil compactness on the section of seeding row. By using motor control, the profile of seeding row and the distribution of soil compactness of this profile can be measured accurately. It is convenient for scholars in relevant fields to study and evaluate the effects of soil compactness distribution on crop production. The main contents of this paper are as follows: 1. The research situation of soil compactness measurement at home and abroad is analyzed, the measuring method of soil compactness distribution is mastered, and the importance and significance of soil compactness distribution are described. 2. Based on the deep analysis of soil compactness measurement methods at home and abroad, the overall design scheme of soil compactness distribution was established by combining with seeding row profile. 3. The scheme design of the measuring module of the profile of seeding row and the measuring module of soil compactness distribution of seeding row is completed. For the control module, PLC is used as the controller and the secondary development is carried out. The man-machine interface based on C # is written in the upper computer to realize the acquisition, processing and storage of sensor data and PLC communication with the lower computer to control the operation of the system. 4. The soil compactness distribution is drawn with the measured soil compactness and the profile of the seeding row, and the processed data is saved to the designated file, and the soil compactness measurement system is used to test and test the soil compactness in the laboratory, combining the measured soil compactness and the profile of the seeding row. Long term storage.
【学位授予单位】：太原理工大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：S152;TP274
[Abstract]:Soil compactness, also known as soil hardness or soil penetration resistance, is the ability of soil to resist external forces. The penetration method is widely used to measure the pressure of the measuring needle into the soil at a uniform rate, and the pressure (Pa) is expressed by the pressure when the measuring needle is pressed into the soil. Compactness is an important physical property of soil. It directly or indirectly determines the porosity, fertilizer, water, heat, gas and so on of soil by influencing soil aeration, permeability, nutrient form and its transformation. The effects of crop roots on the absorption and utilization of soil nutrients and water are related to the growth and development of crops and even the final yield. Therefore, the measurement of soil compactness and its application have been the focus of academic research. For a long time, people have done a lot of work on soil compactness, but the relationship between soil compactness and other physical and chemical properties of soil has not been fully understood, and the optimum range of soil compactness for various crops is very fuzzy. It can be said that some farming measures taken on this basis are blind to some extent. Therefore, the discussion of soil compactness is of great significance for rational arrangement of cultivation and cultivation measures to achieve the goal of saving labor, time, high yield and high efficiency. The soil compactness meter produced at home and abroad is single needle, manual operation, which is not convenient to study the distribution of sowing row compactness. The profile of the seeding row was not analyzed and, as with the manually operated measuring device, the velocity of the measuring needle pressed into the soil could not be kept constant using hydraulic system control. The purpose of this paper is to develop a system for measuring the distribution of soil compactness on the section of seeding row. By using motor control, the profile of seeding row and the distribution of soil compactness of this profile can be measured accurately. It is convenient for scholars in relevant fields to study and evaluate the effects of soil compactness distribution on crop production. The main contents of this paper are as follows: 1. The research situation of soil compactness measurement at home and abroad is analyzed, the measuring method of soil compactness distribution is mastered, and the importance and significance of soil compactness distribution are described. 2. Based on the deep analysis of soil compactness measurement methods at home and abroad, the overall design scheme of soil compactness distribution was established by combining with seeding row profile. 3. The scheme design of the measuring module of the profile of seeding row and the measuring module of soil compactness distribution of seeding row is completed. For the control module, PLC is used as the controller and the secondary development is carried out. The man-machine interface based on C # is written in the upper computer to realize the acquisition, processing and storage of sensor data and PLC communication with the lower computer to control the operation of the system. 4. The soil compactness distribution is drawn with the measured soil compactness and the profile of the seeding row, and the processed data is saved to the designated file, and the soil compactness measurement system is used to test and test the soil compactness in the laboratory, combining the measured soil compactness and the profile of the seeding row. Long term storage.
【学位授予单位】：太原理工大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：S152;TP274
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