云南典型烟区植烟土壤养分状况评价及减氮增效研究

发布时间：2018-07-21 18:15

【摘要】：为研究云南烟区植烟土壤特征,本文以罗平县为例,选择了10个典型植烟乡镇的339份土壤样品,分析了云南典型烟区植烟土壤资源现状,采用GIS技术和模糊数学隶属度函数模型对土壤养分状况、土壤肥力适宜性及土壤养分的年度变化进行了综合评价,研究了油菜秸秆还田下减量施氮对烤烟生长及烟叶品质的影响。主要研究结果如下：云南典型烟区植烟土壤类型主要包括红壤、黄壤、新积土、水稻土和紫色土,以红壤和黄壤为主,分别为50.45%和27.43%；植烟土壤主要分布在山地、平坝、丘陵和河槽中,以山地为主,占78.18%；植烟土壤海拔主要分布在1322-2115m之间,以1800-1950m比例最大,占37.76%。云南典型烟区土壤pH和速效磷、速效钾、有效锌、有效硼含量适宜,有机质、碱解氮、有效镁和水溶性氯含量偏高；大部分土壤处于“较好”和“中等”水平,肥力适宜性指数平均值为0.7629,土壤肥力状况良好；不同类型土壤、地形间土壤肥力适宜差异不显著,不同乡镇、海拔间差异极显著；不同乡镇间表现为大水井乡板桥镇九龙镇罗雄镇阿岗镇马街镇钟山乡旧基屋乡老厂乡富乐镇,不同海拔间表现为中海拔段(1500-1800m)较高,低海拔(1500 m)、高海拔段(1800m)稍低；2008至2014年,烟区土壤有机质含量整体降低,而pH和碱解氮、速效磷、速效钾、有效锌、有效镁、有效硼、水溶性氯含量以及肥力适宜性指数有所增高。油菜秸秆还田能够提高烟叶产量和品质,秸秆还田基础上减量施氮对烟叶经济性状影响不显著,不同施氮水平烟叶化学成分可用性指数表现为：N4N3N5N2CK N1N0;秸秆还田基础上降低20%-40%氮肥用量可以达到精益生产的效果。
[Abstract]:In order to study the characteristics of tobacco planting soil in Yunnan tobacco region, 339 soil samples were selected from 10 typical tobacco planting towns in Luoping County, and the present situation of tobacco planting soil resources in typical tobacco growing areas of Yunnan Province was analyzed. The soil nutrient status, soil fertility suitability and the annual variation of soil nutrient were evaluated by GIS and fuzzy mathematical membership function model. The effect of reducing nitrogen application on the growth and leaf quality of flue-cured tobacco was studied. The main results are as follows: the main types of tobacco planting soils in typical tobacco regions of Yunnan include red soil, yellow soil, neocretic soil, paddy soil and purple soil, with red soil and yellow soil as the main types, which are 50.45% and 27.43 respectively, and tobacco planting soils are mainly distributed in mountainous areas, Pingba, Pingba. In the hilly region and river channel, the mountain area was the main one, and the tobacco planting soil was mainly distributed in the range of 1322-2115 m above sea level, with the largest proportion of 1800-1950 m (37.76 m). The soil pH and available phosphorus, available potassium, available zinc, available boron content, organic matter, alkali-hydrolyzed nitrogen, available magnesium and water-soluble chlorine were high in typical tobacco regions of Yunnan Province, and most of the soils were at "good" and "medium" levels. The average fertility suitability index was 0.7629, the soil fertility condition was good, the difference of soil fertility suitability between different types of soil and topography was not significant, and the difference between different villages and towns was extremely significant. The different villages and towns are represented by the Fulue Town in Jiulong Town, Luoxiong Town, Luoxiong Town, Luoxiong Town, Dashui well Township, Zhongshan Township, Zhongshan Township, Zhongjie Township, Laochang Township, Laochang Township, different elevations, the middle elevation section (1500-1800m) is relatively high, and the low altitude (1500 m), high altitude section (1800m) is slightly lower from 2008 to 2014). The content of organic matter in the soil of tobacco region decreased as a whole, while pH, available nitrogen, available phosphorus, available potassium, available zinc, available magnesium, available boron, water-soluble chlorine content and fertility suitability index increased. The yield and quality of tobacco leaf could be improved by returning rape straw to the field, but the effect of reducing nitrogen application on the economic character of tobacco leaf was not significant on the basis of returning straw to field. The availability index of chemical composition of tobacco leaves with different nitrogen application levels was: 1: N4N3N5N2CK N1N0, and the effect of lean production could be achieved by reducing 20% -40% nitrogen fertilizer on the basis of returning straw to the field.
【学位授予单位】：湖南农业大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：S572;S158

【相似文献】