土壤机械阻力连续测量装置的设计与试验研究
发布时间：2018-07-23 14:42
【摘要】：精准农业是由国外学者首先提出的一种农业发展模式,其目的是实现所谓的“farming by the inch”。精准农业也是一种可持续发展的新思想,是世界发展农业的新潮流,精准农业的提出,对于降低农作物耕作成本、提高农作物产量、保护环境有着重大的意义,其基本思想是充分的了解土壤的物理特性,针对土壤的物理特性对土壤进行精细化作业或对农作物进行精细化种植和管理。本文在精准农业基本思想的指导下,设计了一种连续测量土壤机械阻力的装置。总结和分析了土壤机械阻力测量方法的研究现状,阐明了研究土壤机械阻力的意义、目的,编制了本研究的技术路线;分析了影响土壤机械阻力的主要因素,包括土壤自身的质地、结构、土壤含水量、测量深度、速度等;研究对比现有测量装置,结合本研究的实际情况,在现有测力装置的基础上进行改进,制作了一种连续测量装置。通过建立测量装置的模型,运用SolidWorks2013Simulation对测量装置的主要受力部件—铲刀进行了有限元分析,得到了深铲刀的应力分布图、位移分析图、应变分析图和安全系数图,验证了所设计装置的理论安全性,保证样机的制作和试验时的安全。控制系统是基于Arduino UNO为控制中心的测量装置数据采集系统,将力传感器、超声波测距传感器测量得到的模拟信号转换成标准的电压信号,并将电压信号通过算法转换成相应的物理测量数据,测量数据存储到存储模块中并实时显示在LCD上,实现了实时连续测量并存储数据的功能。测量装置选用“S”型力传感器,其抗干扰性强,灵敏度高,安全可靠。Arduino UNO可以根据实际需要扩展任意多个控制器,可与其它传感器实现更多的功能和更高的集成度。借助Proteus仿真软件对测量装置进行了仿真试验,其仿真结果与硬件实物连接后所测量的结果一致。将控制系统安装在制作的样机上,进行标定试验并分析试验结果,得到标定方程,并对标定方程的相关特性进行了评价,标定方程的线性较好,重复性较高。样机进行了土槽试验,将试验结果进行了数据处理,绘制出了各个试验的土壤机械阻力图;通过土壤坚实度计对连续测量装置的测量结果进行分析和对比,对试验结果进行了显著性分析,试验结果的显著性较高,验证了本设计中的连续测量装置可以评价土壤的坚实度水平。
[Abstract]:Precision agriculture is a kind of agricultural development model first put forward by foreign scholars. Its purpose is to realize the so-called "farming by the inch". Precision agriculture is also a new idea of sustainable development and a new trend of developing agriculture in the world. It is of great significance to reduce the cost of crop cultivation, increase crop yield and protect the environment. The basic idea is to fully understand the physical properties of the soil, according to the physical properties of the soil to fine the soil or to fine planting and management of crops. Under the guidance of the basic idea of precision agriculture, a continuous measuring device of soil mechanical resistance was designed in this paper. This paper summarizes and analyzes the present research situation of soil mechanical resistance measurement method, clarifies the significance and purpose of studying soil mechanical resistance, compiles the technical route of this study, and analyzes the main factors affecting soil mechanical resistance. Including soil texture, structure, soil moisture content, measurement depth, speed and so on; research and comparison of existing measuring devices, combined with the actual situation of this study, on the basis of the existing force measuring devices to improve, A continuous measuring device is made. By establishing the model of the measuring device, the finite element analysis of the blade, the main force component of the measuring device, is carried out by using SolidWorks2013Simulation. The stress distribution diagram, the displacement analysis diagram, the strain analysis diagram and the safety factor diagram of the deep scraper are obtained. The theoretical safety of the designed device is verified to ensure the safety of prototype making and testing. The control system is a data acquisition system based on Arduino UNO, which converts the analog signal from the force sensor and the ultrasonic ranging sensor into the standard voltage signal. The voltage signal is converted into the corresponding physical measurement data by the algorithm, and the measurement data is stored in the storage module and displayed on the LCD in real time. The function of real-time continuous measurement and data storage is realized. The measuring device adopts "S" force sensor, which has strong anti-interference, high sensitivity, safety and reliability. Arduino UNO can expand any number of controllers according to the actual needs, and can achieve more functions and higher integration with other sensors. The Proteus simulation software is used to simulate the measuring device. The simulation results are consistent with those measured after the hardware connection. The control system is installed on the prototype, the calibration test is carried out and the test results are analyzed, and the calibration equation is obtained. The related characteristics of the calibration equation are evaluated. The calibration equation is linear and reproducible. The prototype has carried on the soil trough test, carried on the data processing to the test result, drew the soil mechanical resistance chart of each test, analyzed and compared the measurement result of the continuous measuring device through the soil solidity meter, The significance of the test results was analyzed and the significance of the test results was high. It was verified that the continuous measuring device in this design could evaluate the soil solidity level.
【学位授予单位】：新疆农业大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：S152.9
本文编号：2139726
[Abstract]:Precision agriculture is a kind of agricultural development model first put forward by foreign scholars. Its purpose is to realize the so-called "farming by the inch". Precision agriculture is also a new idea of sustainable development and a new trend of developing agriculture in the world. It is of great significance to reduce the cost of crop cultivation, increase crop yield and protect the environment. The basic idea is to fully understand the physical properties of the soil, according to the physical properties of the soil to fine the soil or to fine planting and management of crops. Under the guidance of the basic idea of precision agriculture, a continuous measuring device of soil mechanical resistance was designed in this paper. This paper summarizes and analyzes the present research situation of soil mechanical resistance measurement method, clarifies the significance and purpose of studying soil mechanical resistance, compiles the technical route of this study, and analyzes the main factors affecting soil mechanical resistance. Including soil texture, structure, soil moisture content, measurement depth, speed and so on; research and comparison of existing measuring devices, combined with the actual situation of this study, on the basis of the existing force measuring devices to improve, A continuous measuring device is made. By establishing the model of the measuring device, the finite element analysis of the blade, the main force component of the measuring device, is carried out by using SolidWorks2013Simulation. The stress distribution diagram, the displacement analysis diagram, the strain analysis diagram and the safety factor diagram of the deep scraper are obtained. The theoretical safety of the designed device is verified to ensure the safety of prototype making and testing. The control system is a data acquisition system based on Arduino UNO, which converts the analog signal from the force sensor and the ultrasonic ranging sensor into the standard voltage signal. The voltage signal is converted into the corresponding physical measurement data by the algorithm, and the measurement data is stored in the storage module and displayed on the LCD in real time. The function of real-time continuous measurement and data storage is realized. The measuring device adopts "S" force sensor, which has strong anti-interference, high sensitivity, safety and reliability. Arduino UNO can expand any number of controllers according to the actual needs, and can achieve more functions and higher integration with other sensors. The Proteus simulation software is used to simulate the measuring device. The simulation results are consistent with those measured after the hardware connection. The control system is installed on the prototype, the calibration test is carried out and the test results are analyzed, and the calibration equation is obtained. The related characteristics of the calibration equation are evaluated. The calibration equation is linear and reproducible. The prototype has carried on the soil trough test, carried on the data processing to the test result, drew the soil mechanical resistance chart of each test, analyzed and compared the measurement result of the continuous measuring device through the soil solidity meter, The significance of the test results was analyzed and the significance of the test results was high. It was verified that the continuous measuring device in this design could evaluate the soil solidity level.
【学位授予单位】：新疆农业大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：S152.9
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