呼图壁西沟煤矿灭火区生态修复的土壤基质改良研究
发布时间：2018-07-23 16:51
【摘要】：煤炭资源开发利用给人们生活以及国家发展创造了诸多财富,然而由此引起的对生态环境,尤其是对矿区土壤环境的破坏必须得到足够的重视。新疆煤炭资源储量丰富,煤炭开采极大地推动了新疆经济的快速发展,但经济发展的代价是越来越严峻的生态环境形势。为探索新疆煤矿灭火废弃地土壤基质改良的科学方案,实现新疆煤炭可持续发展。本文选取新疆重点煤火区——呼图壁西沟煤矿灭火区作为研究对象。通过改良前灭火废弃地与对照山体土壤理化性质的对比分析,得出灭火废弃地植物生长的限制性因子。同时,通过改良前后灭火废弃地土壤理化性质的对比分析,确定西沟煤矿灭火废弃地土壤基质改良的最佳方案。主要研究结论如下:(1)改良前灭火废弃地与对照山体土壤理化性质的对比分析,研究发现:改良前,灭火废弃地土壤砂化现象严重;土壤含水量相对较低;土壤发生了不同程度的碱化;土壤有机质和养分含量相对较低。灭火废弃地植被修复的限制性因子有:土壤机械组成、土壤含水量、土壤p H值、土壤有机质含量、土壤养分含量等,而土壤温度、容重、比重、孔隙度等对灭火废弃地植被恢复的影响不明显。(2)灭火废弃地改良前后土壤理化性质对比分析,结果显示:改良后,I#、II#和III#灭火废弃地土壤理化性质均不同程度地优于改良前,改良效果显著。其中,土壤砂化现象有所减弱,土壤粘粒和粉粒含量都较改良前高;土壤含水量虽略低于对照山体,但都高于改良前;土壤酸碱度得到了较好调整,向中性土壤转变;土壤有机质和养分含量均较改良前有不同程度的提高。分析得出本研究灭火废弃地土壤基质改良的最佳方案为方案21,配比为:保水剂25g·m-2,粘合剂5g·m-2,羊粪3kg·m-2,磷酸二铵60g·m-2。(3)本试验综合了物理和化学改良方法,充分利用了当地的基质材料,降低了环境污染,减少了改良成本。但由于受多种条件的限制,本试验方案还存在诸多不足之处。比如,具有效果好、成本低、不产生二次污染等的生物改良方法在以后的研究中应当予以重视和应用。同时,灭火废弃地土壤基质改良研究工作还应该注重因地制宜等。
[Abstract]:The exploitation and utilization of coal resources have created a lot of wealth for people's life and national development. However, the damage to the ecological environment, especially to the soil environment of mining area, must be paid enough attention to. Xinjiang is rich in coal resources, coal mining has greatly promoted the rapid development of Xinjiang's economy, but the cost of economic development is more and more severe ecological environment situation. In order to explore the scientific scheme of soil matrix improvement in coal mine fire extinguishing wasteland in Xinjiang and realize the sustainable development of coal in Xinjiang. This paper selects Hutubi Xigou coal mine fire-extinguishing area as the research object. By comparing and analyzing the physicochemical properties of the soil of the fire-extinguishing wasteland and the control mountain before the improvement, the restrictive factors of plant growth in the fire-extinguishing wasteland were obtained. At the same time, through the comparison and analysis of soil physical and chemical properties of fire extinguishing wasteland before and after improvement, the best scheme of soil matrix improvement in Xigou coal mine fire extinguishing wasteland was determined. The main conclusions are as follows: (1) comparing and analyzing the physicochemical properties of the fire-extinguishing abandoned land and the control mountain before the improvement, it is found that: before the improvement, the phenomenon of sandy soil in fire-extinguishing wasteland is serious, the soil water content is relatively low; The soil was alkalized to different degrees, and the content of organic matter and nutrient was relatively low. The limiting factors of vegetation restoration in fire-extinguishing wasteland are: soil mechanical composition, soil moisture content, soil pH value, soil organic matter content, soil nutrient content, and so on, while soil temperature, bulk density, specific gravity, etc. The effect of porosity on vegetation restoration in fire-extinguishing wasteland was not obvious. (2) soil physical and chemical properties of fire extinguishing abandoned land were compared before and after improvement. The results showed that the soil physical and chemical properties of improved I#HN II # and III# fire extinguishing wasteland were better than those of before improvement to some extent. The effect of improvement is remarkable. Among them, the phenomenon of soil sanding is weakened, the content of clay and silt is higher than that before the improvement, the soil moisture content is slightly lower than that of the control mountain body, but is higher than that before the improvement, the soil acidity and alkalinity is adjusted better and the soil changes to neutral soil. The contents of organic matter and nutrient in soil were higher than those before improvement. The results showed that the best scheme of soil matrix improvement in the fire extinguishing wasteland was 21, with the ratio of water absorbent 25g m-2, binder 5g m-2, sheep feces 3kg m-2and diammonium phosphate 60g m-2.3.The physical and chemical improvement methods were synthesized and the local matrix materials were fully utilized. Reduce the environmental pollution, reduce the cost of improvement. However, due to the limitations of various conditions, there are still many shortcomings in this scheme. For example, biological improvement methods with good effect, low cost and no secondary pollution should be paid attention to and applied in the future research. At the same time, the research work of soil matrix improvement in fire extinguishing wasteland should also pay attention to local conditions.
【学位授予单位】：新疆大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：S156
本文编号：2140032
[Abstract]:The exploitation and utilization of coal resources have created a lot of wealth for people's life and national development. However, the damage to the ecological environment, especially to the soil environment of mining area, must be paid enough attention to. Xinjiang is rich in coal resources, coal mining has greatly promoted the rapid development of Xinjiang's economy, but the cost of economic development is more and more severe ecological environment situation. In order to explore the scientific scheme of soil matrix improvement in coal mine fire extinguishing wasteland in Xinjiang and realize the sustainable development of coal in Xinjiang. This paper selects Hutubi Xigou coal mine fire-extinguishing area as the research object. By comparing and analyzing the physicochemical properties of the soil of the fire-extinguishing wasteland and the control mountain before the improvement, the restrictive factors of plant growth in the fire-extinguishing wasteland were obtained. At the same time, through the comparison and analysis of soil physical and chemical properties of fire extinguishing wasteland before and after improvement, the best scheme of soil matrix improvement in Xigou coal mine fire extinguishing wasteland was determined. The main conclusions are as follows: (1) comparing and analyzing the physicochemical properties of the fire-extinguishing abandoned land and the control mountain before the improvement, it is found that: before the improvement, the phenomenon of sandy soil in fire-extinguishing wasteland is serious, the soil water content is relatively low; The soil was alkalized to different degrees, and the content of organic matter and nutrient was relatively low. The limiting factors of vegetation restoration in fire-extinguishing wasteland are: soil mechanical composition, soil moisture content, soil pH value, soil organic matter content, soil nutrient content, and so on, while soil temperature, bulk density, specific gravity, etc. The effect of porosity on vegetation restoration in fire-extinguishing wasteland was not obvious. (2) soil physical and chemical properties of fire extinguishing abandoned land were compared before and after improvement. The results showed that the soil physical and chemical properties of improved I#HN II # and III# fire extinguishing wasteland were better than those of before improvement to some extent. The effect of improvement is remarkable. Among them, the phenomenon of soil sanding is weakened, the content of clay and silt is higher than that before the improvement, the soil moisture content is slightly lower than that of the control mountain body, but is higher than that before the improvement, the soil acidity and alkalinity is adjusted better and the soil changes to neutral soil. The contents of organic matter and nutrient in soil were higher than those before improvement. The results showed that the best scheme of soil matrix improvement in the fire extinguishing wasteland was 21, with the ratio of water absorbent 25g m-2, binder 5g m-2, sheep feces 3kg m-2and diammonium phosphate 60g m-2.3.The physical and chemical improvement methods were synthesized and the local matrix materials were fully utilized. Reduce the environmental pollution, reduce the cost of improvement. However, due to the limitations of various conditions, there are still many shortcomings in this scheme. For example, biological improvement methods with good effect, low cost and no secondary pollution should be paid attention to and applied in the future research. At the same time, the research work of soil matrix improvement in fire extinguishing wasteland should also pay attention to local conditions.
【学位授予单位】：新疆大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：S156
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