海口棚栽西瓜低温寡照灾害等级指标研究
发布时间：2018-07-24 12:05
【摘要】：海南凭借得天独厚的生态环境和气候优势,成为全国重要的冬季瓜菜生产基地,常年大棚瓜菜种植面积约1.2万公顷。海口冬季易受强冷空气影响,形成低温寡照天气,对瓜菜生长发育不利,己成为大棚瓜菜栽培的主要气象灾害。构建适用于大棚瓜菜生产的低温寡照灾害等级指标,为政府机关、农业部门、大棚种植户快速掌握灾情信息,制定适当减灾防灾措施,最大限度减少气象灾害造成的伤害和损失,为海南冬季反季节大棚瓜菜的安全高效生产提供有利保障。 本文采用室内试验和田间试验相结合的方法,构建了大棚西瓜整个生育期低温寡照气象灾害等级指标。室内试验研究了低温弱光对西瓜幼苗生理生化和形态的影响,并对西瓜幼苗受害进行等级划分。田间试验利用历史年份气象数据统计出综合气候指数(HI),将调查年份低温寡照综合指数与西瓜受损情况结合构建西瓜低温寡照灾害等级指标。将观测站与大棚建立气象数据模型,得出适用于大棚西瓜栽培的灾害等级指标体系,再利用历史资料对指标进行验证分析。本研究主要结论如下： (1)低温弱光胁迫减缓了西瓜幼苗下胚轴、茎粗和叶面积的增长,抑制了叶片光合作用,并造成光合机构的损害。低温弱光诱导了SOD和POD活性增强,对消除体内过多活性氧自由基有积极作用,而随着低温弱光胁迫的持续,抗氧化酶合成途径受到抑制。低温弱光导致了MDA含量的增加,造成细胞膜脂过氧化伤害。此外,适当弱光促进幼苗下胚轴和叶面积增长,并能减缓幼苗在低温下所受伤害。 (2)基于对西瓜幼苗在低温弱光下生理和形态变化规律及抗性机理的研究,将西瓜幼苗在昼夜温度为15/10℃,光照强度为100μmol m-2s-1的低温弱光胁迫处理6d以内、6～12d、12d以上的受害程度划分为轻、中、重三个等级。 (3)选取低温寡照过程极端最低气温X1、≤15℃持续天数X2、有害积寒X3和寡照天数X4为主要致灾因子,利用1998～2008年历史气象资料统计出反映灾害强度的综合气候指数(HI),研究2012、2013年两个冬季不同强度低温寡照灾害下西瓜受害和减产情况,根据综合指数HI值划分低温寡照灾害等级：0～5.3为轻度灾害,5.3～23为中度灾害,23以上为重度灾害。 (4)通过对气象观测站与试验地塑料大棚建立日最低气温和有害积寒的关系模型,构建出适用于塑料大棚西瓜栽培的低温寡照灾害等级指标,其中,综合指数HI在2-8为轻度灾害,8-32为中度灾害,32以上为重度灾害。此外,选取日最大温差、日均气温与日照时数建立了回归模型,实现了对未来天气日照时数的预报。 (5)对历史年份西瓜不同栽培方式的低温寡照灾害分析表明,相比于露地栽培,通过搭建塑料大棚在对低温寡照气象灾害的抵御能力方面有一定程度提高,并能有效减轻西瓜遭遇不利天气造成的伤害和损失。
[Abstract]:Hainan, with its unique ecological environment and climatic advantages, has become an important winter gourd and vegetable production base in China, with an area of about 12000 hectares planted in the greenhouse all year round. Haikou is easy to be affected by strong cold air in winter, forming low temperature and low light weather, which is unfavorable to the growth and development of melon and vegetable, and has become the main meteorological disaster in greenhouse. To construct the index of low temperature and low radiation disaster grade suitable for the production of greenhouse melon and vegetable, so as to quickly grasp the disaster information for government organs, agricultural departments and greenhouse growers, and formulate appropriate measures for disaster reduction and prevention. The damage and loss caused by meteorological disasters were minimized, which provided a favorable guarantee for the safe and efficient production of melon and vegetables in off-season greenhouse in Hainan Province. In this paper, the indexes of low temperature and low radiation meteorological disasters for the whole growing period of watermelon in greenhouse were established by the combination of laboratory experiment and field experiment. The effects of low temperature and low light on physiology, biochemistry and morphology of watermelon seedlings were studied in laboratory. Based on the meteorological data of historical years, the comprehensive climate index (HI),) was used to construct the damage index of watermelon by combining the comprehensive index of low temperature and low light with the damage of watermelon. The meteorological data model of observation station and greenhouse was established, and the disaster grade index system suitable for watermelon cultivation in greenhouse was obtained, and the index was verified and analyzed with historical data. The main conclusions were as follows: (1) low temperature and low light stress slowed the growth of Hypocotyl, stem diameter and leaf area, inhibited leaf photosynthesis, and caused damage to photosynthesis. The activity of SOD and POD was enhanced by low temperature and low light, and it had a positive effect on eliminating excessive active oxygen free radicals. However, with the persistence of low temperature and low light stress, the synthesis of antioxidant enzymes was inhibited. Low temperature and low light resulted in the increase of MDA content and the damage of lipid peroxidation. In addition, proper low light could promote the growth of hypocotyls and leaf areas, and slow down the damage to watermelon seedlings under low temperature. (2) based on the study of physiological and morphological changes and resistance mechanism of watermelon seedlings under low temperature and low light, The damage degree of watermelon seedlings under low temperature and low light stress (temperature 15 / 10 鈩，
本文编号：2141325
[Abstract]:Hainan, with its unique ecological environment and climatic advantages, has become an important winter gourd and vegetable production base in China, with an area of about 12000 hectares planted in the greenhouse all year round. Haikou is easy to be affected by strong cold air in winter, forming low temperature and low light weather, which is unfavorable to the growth and development of melon and vegetable, and has become the main meteorological disaster in greenhouse. To construct the index of low temperature and low radiation disaster grade suitable for the production of greenhouse melon and vegetable, so as to quickly grasp the disaster information for government organs, agricultural departments and greenhouse growers, and formulate appropriate measures for disaster reduction and prevention. The damage and loss caused by meteorological disasters were minimized, which provided a favorable guarantee for the safe and efficient production of melon and vegetables in off-season greenhouse in Hainan Province. In this paper, the indexes of low temperature and low radiation meteorological disasters for the whole growing period of watermelon in greenhouse were established by the combination of laboratory experiment and field experiment. The effects of low temperature and low light on physiology, biochemistry and morphology of watermelon seedlings were studied in laboratory. Based on the meteorological data of historical years, the comprehensive climate index (HI),) was used to construct the damage index of watermelon by combining the comprehensive index of low temperature and low light with the damage of watermelon. The meteorological data model of observation station and greenhouse was established, and the disaster grade index system suitable for watermelon cultivation in greenhouse was obtained, and the index was verified and analyzed with historical data. The main conclusions were as follows: (1) low temperature and low light stress slowed the growth of Hypocotyl, stem diameter and leaf area, inhibited leaf photosynthesis, and caused damage to photosynthesis. The activity of SOD and POD was enhanced by low temperature and low light, and it had a positive effect on eliminating excessive active oxygen free radicals. However, with the persistence of low temperature and low light stress, the synthesis of antioxidant enzymes was inhibited. Low temperature and low light resulted in the increase of MDA content and the damage of lipid peroxidation. In addition, proper low light could promote the growth of hypocotyls and leaf areas, and slow down the damage to watermelon seedlings under low temperature. (2) based on the study of physiological and morphological changes and resistance mechanism of watermelon seedlings under low temperature and low light, The damage degree of watermelon seedlings under low temperature and low light stress (temperature 15 / 10 鈩，
本文编号：2141325
本文链接：https://www.wllwen.com/kejilunwen/nykj/2141325.html
