长期施肥下旱田与水田土壤有机碳的固存形态与特征
发布时间：2018-07-26 18:46
【摘要】：土壤有机质是农田土壤肥力的核心,并与全球气候变化密切相关。长期施肥显著影响土壤总有机碳的含量,并且对土壤不同保护机制的碳库影响不同。本研究主要从土壤不同碳组分的特征及其与土壤总有机碳的关系入手,以期为土壤的培肥与管理措施的选择提供科学依据。本文分别于长期定位试验站选取不同施肥处理的南方水稻土(红壤,31年)和北方旱地土壤(棕壤,28年),采集0-20 cm土层样品。水稻土包括5种施肥处理：不施肥(CK),单施化肥(NPK),不同比例有机肥与化肥配施(NPKM7/3、 NPKM5/5、NPKM3/7);旱地包括5种处理：不施肥(CK),单施化肥(N2),不同比例有机肥与化肥配施(M1N1P1、M2N2、M4N2P1)。采用物理-化学联合分组方法将土壤分成不同的保护组分：非保护组分(cPOM, LF),物理保护组分(μagg, iPOM),化学保护组分(H-dsilt, H-dclay),生化保护组分(NH-dsilt, NH-dclay),物理-化学保护组分(H-μsilt, H-μclay)及物理-生化保护组分(NH-μsilt, NH-μclay),探讨了长期不同施肥处理对水田和旱田土壤各个组分和土壤总有机碳的影响。主要研究结果如下：1.无论是水稻土还是旱田,长期施用有机肥或有机无机配施均提高了土壤总有机碳、氮的含量／储量,而单施化肥不影响土壤总有机碳、氮的含量／储量,但是,所有施肥处理均不改变土壤碳氮比。2.土壤不同组分有机碳对施肥的响应是不同的。不论是水稻田还是旱田,长期施有机肥与化肥配施或单施有机肥均提高了土壤粗颗粒组分(cPOM)中碳含量,而对粘粒粉粒碳组分中有机碳含量影响不显著。3.对于250μm的粗颗粒组分(cPOM),53-250μm的微团聚体部分(μagg)和53μm的粘粒粉粒结合部分(dSilt+dClay)3种组分(按颗粒大小分级)来说,水稻土中cPOM占总有机碳的比例最大,而旱地土壤中则是uagg占总有机碳的比例最大。以上结果表明,旱田和水稻田土壤有机碳的固碳机制不同,但长期施肥对土壤总有机碳和不同粒级有机碳的影响在两者之间相似的。以上研究将为评价农田施肥管理下的土壤碳变化和提高我国农田土壤碳储量的优化施肥管理提供科学依据。
[Abstract]:Soil organic matter is the core of farmland soil fertility and is closely related to global climate change. Long-term fertilization significantly affected soil total organic carbon (TOC) content, and had different effects on soil carbon pool under different protection mechanisms. In this study, the characteristics of different carbon components in soil and their relationship with total organic carbon in soil were studied in order to provide scientific basis for the selection of soil fertility and management measures. In this paper, the paddy soil (red soil, 31 years) and upland soil (brown soil, 28 years) of different fertilization treatments were selected at the long-term location test station, and 0-20 cm soil layer samples were collected. Paddy soil consisted of five treatments: no fertilizer, (CK), (NPK), different proportion of organic fertilizer and chemical fertilizer (NPKM7 / 3, NPKM5 / 5, NPKM3 / 7), and dry land consisted of five treatments: no fertilizing, single application of (CK), fertilizer (N2), different proportion of organic fertilizer and chemical fertilizer (M1N1P1M2N2N2N2P1). Soil was divided into different protective components by physical-chemical grouping method: unprotected components (cPOM, LF), physical protection components (H-dclay), biochemical protection components (NH-dsilt, NH-dclay), physical-chemical protection components (H- 渭 silt, H- 渭 clay) and so on. The effects of long-term fertilization treatments on soil components and soil total organic carbon (TOC) in paddy field and dry field were studied by means of NH- 渭 silt (NH- 渭 clay),). The main results are as follows: 1. Both in paddy soil and dry field, long-term application of organic fertilizer or organic / inorganic fertilizer increased the content / reserve of soil total organic carbon and nitrogen, but only applied chemical fertilizer did not affect soil total organic carbon and nitrogen content / reserve, but, All fertilization treatments did not change soil C / N ratio. The response of different components of soil organic carbon to fertilization is different. Both in paddy field and dry field, long-term application of organic fertilizer combined with chemical fertilizer or single application of organic fertilizer increased the content of carbon in soil coarse particle fraction (cPOM), but had no significant effect on the content of organic carbon in clay particle fraction. For the coarse particle fraction of 250 渭 m, (cPOM) 53-250 渭 m, the fraction of microaggregate (渭 agg) and the fraction of (dSilt dClay) of 53 渭 m, the fraction of cPOM in the total organic carbon in paddy soil was the largest (classified by particle size). In dryland soil, uagg accounted for the largest proportion of total organic carbon. The results showed that the carbon sequestration mechanisms of soil organic carbon in dry field and paddy field were different, but the effects of long-term fertilization on soil total organic carbon and different grain organic carbon were similar. The above research will provide scientific basis for evaluating soil carbon change under farmland fertilization management and optimizing fertilization management for improving cropland soil carbon storage in China.
【学位授予单位】：沈阳农业大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：S153.6
本文编号：2146952
[Abstract]:Soil organic matter is the core of farmland soil fertility and is closely related to global climate change. Long-term fertilization significantly affected soil total organic carbon (TOC) content, and had different effects on soil carbon pool under different protection mechanisms. In this study, the characteristics of different carbon components in soil and their relationship with total organic carbon in soil were studied in order to provide scientific basis for the selection of soil fertility and management measures. In this paper, the paddy soil (red soil, 31 years) and upland soil (brown soil, 28 years) of different fertilization treatments were selected at the long-term location test station, and 0-20 cm soil layer samples were collected. Paddy soil consisted of five treatments: no fertilizer, (CK), (NPK), different proportion of organic fertilizer and chemical fertilizer (NPKM7 / 3, NPKM5 / 5, NPKM3 / 7), and dry land consisted of five treatments: no fertilizing, single application of (CK), fertilizer (N2), different proportion of organic fertilizer and chemical fertilizer (M1N1P1M2N2N2N2P1). Soil was divided into different protective components by physical-chemical grouping method: unprotected components (cPOM, LF), physical protection components (H-dclay), biochemical protection components (NH-dsilt, NH-dclay), physical-chemical protection components (H- 渭 silt, H- 渭 clay) and so on. The effects of long-term fertilization treatments on soil components and soil total organic carbon (TOC) in paddy field and dry field were studied by means of NH- 渭 silt (NH- 渭 clay),). The main results are as follows: 1. Both in paddy soil and dry field, long-term application of organic fertilizer or organic / inorganic fertilizer increased the content / reserve of soil total organic carbon and nitrogen, but only applied chemical fertilizer did not affect soil total organic carbon and nitrogen content / reserve, but, All fertilization treatments did not change soil C / N ratio. The response of different components of soil organic carbon to fertilization is different. Both in paddy field and dry field, long-term application of organic fertilizer combined with chemical fertilizer or single application of organic fertilizer increased the content of carbon in soil coarse particle fraction (cPOM), but had no significant effect on the content of organic carbon in clay particle fraction. For the coarse particle fraction of 250 渭 m, (cPOM) 53-250 渭 m, the fraction of microaggregate (渭 agg) and the fraction of (dSilt dClay) of 53 渭 m, the fraction of cPOM in the total organic carbon in paddy soil was the largest (classified by particle size). In dryland soil, uagg accounted for the largest proportion of total organic carbon. The results showed that the carbon sequestration mechanisms of soil organic carbon in dry field and paddy field were different, but the effects of long-term fertilization on soil total organic carbon and different grain organic carbon were similar. The above research will provide scientific basis for evaluating soil carbon change under farmland fertilization management and optimizing fertilization management for improving cropland soil carbon storage in China.
【学位授予单位】：沈阳农业大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：S153.6
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