沙质土壤改良剂对沙地改良效果的研究

发布时间：2018-08-01 18:44

【摘要】：科尔沁沙地是我国四大沙地之一,是中国农牧交错带沙漠化最严重的地区之一,土地退化较为严重,风沙土是该地区主要的土壤类型,土壤结构差,漏水漏肥严重,土地生产力低下,严重制约着该地区的农业发展。本文通过研究沙地施用沙质土壤改良剂后五年内土壤物理、生物学及化学性状的时空变化,明确沙质土壤改良剂对沙地的保水保肥效果及其长效性机制,为该地区沙地治理、沙地变良田提供理论依据与技术支持。研究结果表明：(1)沙质土壤改良剂改善了土壤物理性状,提高了土壤的保水能力,且随改良剂施入年限增加而增强。施用沙质土壤改良剂后：提高了0.25mm土壤团聚体含量,0-10cm土层增幅最大,较对照提高了37.16%-131.98%;降低了容重,0-1Ocm土层降幅最大,较对照降低了0.6%-8.4%；提高了0-40cm土层保水性,尤其显著提高了20-40cm土壤含水量,较对照提高21.2%-39.19%；同时也提高了0-40cm土层土壤贮水量,较对照提高了25.28%-48.39%,全生育期较对照多保水最高达10.22mm。(2)沙质土壤改良剂改善了土壤生物学性状。施用沙质土壤改良剂均提高了0-40cm土层土壤微生物生物量碳、氮、磷的含量和酶活性,其含量在大喇叭口期达到最大,土层间以10-20cm含量达到最大,且对该层影响也最大,微生物生物量碳、氮、磷分别较对照提高了0.62%-32.54%、5.97%-43.61%、8.28%-56.23%,土壤脲酶、蔗糖酶、过氧化氢酶分别较对照提高了2.6%-12.37%、2.82%-14.62%、28.22%-46.65%。(3)沙质土壤改良剂改善了土壤化学性状,提高了土壤的保肥能力,且随着施入年限的增加而增强。对照土壤中养分含量随着土层深度增加而增加,在20-40cm土层达到最大,施用改良剂的处理在10-20cm土层达到最大,在0-40cm土层,土壤有机质、全氮、全磷、全钾以及速效氮、速效磷、速效钾分别较对照提高0.41%-14.11%、0.57%-13.74%、1.23%-36.27%、2.23%-38.61%、0.14%-42.2%、0.75%-19.72%、1.62%-20.51%,全生育期施用改良剂的各处理碱解氮、速效磷和钾储量分别较对照增加了4.26-13.34 kg/hm2,0.52-0.87 kg/hm2,6.37-17.05 kg/hm2。(4)施用沙质土壤改良剂具有增产创收的效果,同时也提高了水分产出率和水分利用效率,且随着施入年限的增加其效果增强。水分产出率和水分利用效率分别较对照提高了3.46%-6.91%和7.10%-11.41%；2013年和2014年施用改良剂的玉米籽粒产量分别较对照提高了15.10%-59.62%和22.75%-41.42%：施用沙质土壤改良剂能在第四年时收回成本,在第四年内纯收入达到3603.49元/hm2,第五年内纯收入达到了8827.16元/hm2。可见,施用沙质土壤改良剂对沙地具有明显的改良效果并具有长效性,是实现沙地改土增收的一条有效途径。
[Abstract]:Horqin sandy land is one of the four largest sandy land in China. It is one of the most serious desertification areas in the agro pastoral ecotone of China. The land degradation is serious. The wind sandy soil is the main soil type in this area. The soil structure is poor, the leakage of water is serious and the land productivity is low, which seriously restricts the agricultural development in this area. The spatial and temporal changes of soil physical, biological and chemical properties in five years after the soil amelioration, the effect of sandy soil remodifier on the water conservation and the long-term mechanism of sandy land and its long-term mechanism, which provide theoretical basis and technical support for sandy land control in this area and sandy land to good farmland. Research results showed that (1) sandy soil improver improved soil substance. Rational form increased the water retention capacity of the soil, and increased with the increasing age of the modifier. After applying the sandy soil improver, the soil aggregate content of 0.25mm was increased, the increase in the 0-10cm soil layer was the largest, and the 37.16%-131.98% was increased in comparison with the control; the bulk density was reduced, the 0-1Ocm soil layer was the largest, and the 0.6%-8.4% was lower than the control, and 0-40cm was improved. Soil water conservation, in particular, significantly increased the water content of 20-40cm soil, increased 21.2%-39.19% compared with the control, and increased the soil water storage in 0-40cm soil layer, increased 25.28%-48.39% compared with the control, and the whole growth period was more 10.22mm. (2) than the control. The soil microbial biomass carbon, nitrogen, phosphorus content and enzyme activity were increased in the 0-40cm soil layer, and the content reached the maximum in the bell mouth stage, the content of 10-20cm reached the maximum in the soil layer and the greatest influence on the layer. The microbial biomass carbon, nitrogen and phosphorus increased 0.62%-32.54%, 5.97%-43.61%, 8.28%-56.23%, soil urease and sucrose. Enzyme and catalase increased 2.6%-12.37%, 2.82%-14.62%, 28.22%-46.65%. (3) sandy soil modifier, which improved soil chemical properties, increased soil fertility, and increased with the increase of fertilization years. The nutrient content in the control soil increased with the depth of soil layer, and reached the maximum in the 20-40cm soil layer. The treatment with the modifier reached the maximum in the 10-20cm soil layer. In the 0-40cm soil layer, soil organic matter, total nitrogen, total phosphorus, total potassium and available nitrogen, available phosphorus, and quick available potassium, respectively, increased 0.41%-14.11%, 0.57%-13.74%, 1.23%-36.27%, 2.23%-38.61%, 0.14%-42.2%, 0.75% -19.72%, 1.62%-20.51%, and all the treatment of alkaline solution by using the modifier during the whole growth period. The reserves of available phosphorus and potassium were increased by 4.26-13.34 kg/hm2,0.52-0.87 kg/hm2,6.37-17.05 kg/hm2. (4) and the effect of increasing production and harvest was increased by the application of sandy soil modifier, while the water output rate and water use efficiency were increased. Compared with the control, 3.46%-6.91% and 7.10%-11.41% were improved; the corn grain yield of 2013 and 2014 was increased by 15.10%-59.62% and 22.75%-41.42% compared with the control. The application of sandy soil reformer could recover the cost at fourth years, the net income reached 3603.49 yuan /hm2 in fourth years, and the net income reached 8827.16 yuan in fifth years. / hm2. It can be seen that the application of sandy soil amendment has obvious improvement effect and long-term effect on sandy land, which is an effective way to increase the soil income in sandy land.
【学位授予单位】：内蒙古农业大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：S156.2

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