淮北土石山区低山漫岗土壤可蚀性研究及应用
发布时间：2018-08-03 08:33
【摘要】：土壤侵蚀是导致土壤质量退化及水体富营养化等一系列生态危机的主要原因,是全球陆生生态系统面临的重大环境问题。赣榆区位于北方土石山区,是江苏省低山丘陵水土流失重点治理区。土壤侵蚀预测模型能够很好地反映侵蚀过程及对环境效应的定量评价,而土壤可蚀性因子K作为预测模型的重要参数,K值的准确估算是建立土壤侵蚀预报模型的基础与前提,也是进行水土流失定量评价的重要依据。因此研究土壤可蚀性并准确估算K值,对于水土流失定量评价、水土流失模型的建立及水土流失防治具有十分重要的意义。论文选取淮北典型低山丘陵(漫岗)区作为研究区,通过黑林径流小区和137Cs核素示踪技术获取不同土壤类型K实测值,构建一元线性回归方程修订EPIC模型,基于修订的EIPIC模型,获取赣榆区土壤可蚀性K值的空间分布,并研究土壤可蚀性K值与土壤颗粒组成和有机碳的相关性。同时结合赣榆区气象、地形和遥感等多源数据,基于修订的USLE模型定量评估了赣榆区2015年土壤侵蚀空间特征。分析和揭示了研究区土壤侵蚀与不同海拔、不同坡度和不同土地利用类型之间的关系。主要研究成果如下:(1)土壤可蚀性K值的实测值和估算值径流小区实测法测得黄砂土(棕潮土亚类)的K值为0.035。用~(137)Cs同位素示踪法实测K的平均值和EPIC公式估算K值的平均值分别为:黄土(棕潮土亚类)为0.036和0.041,包浆土(棕壤亚类)为0.037和0.039,白浆土(棕壤亚类)为0.053和0.034,砂石土(粗骨棕壤)为0.046和0.045。基于修正后的EPIC模型估算赣榆区四种土类的土壤可蚀性K平均值:棕壤类为0.034,潮土类为0.037,砂姜黑土类为0.037盐土类为0.039。(2)EPIC模型的修订与验证通137Cs核素示踪法实测土壤可蚀性K值与EPIC公式估算土壤可蚀性K值,进行相关性分析和回归分析,建立了一元线性回归方程:y=0.701x+0.0089,R2=0.66。修订的EPIC公式:(3)基于修订的EPIC模型获取赣榆区土壤可蚀性K值及特征赣榆区土壤可蚀性K值大小的空间分布呈西北向东南逐渐升高的趋势。土壤砂粒含量呈西北到东南逐渐减小的趋势,土壤可蚀性K值与表层土壤颗粒特性进行相关性分析,得出砂粒含量和土壤侵蚀K值成显著负相关,粉粒含量和土壤侵蚀K值呈显著正相关,土壤有机碳含量和土壤可蚀K值呈负相关。(4)赣榆区土壤侵蚀空间分布特征。赣榆区平均侵蚀模数为859.2 t/km~2·a,主要以轻度侵蚀为主,轻度侵蚀面积为393.36km~2,占总面积的10.17%;中度侵蚀面积为74.4km~2,占总面积的5.38%;强烈侵蚀面积为28.03km~2,占总面积的2.03%;极强烈侵蚀面积为23.95km~2,占总面积的1.73%;剧烈侵蚀面积为14.26km~2,占总面积的1.03%。土壤侵蚀量与土地利用类型图叠加,结果表明赣榆区98%的土壤侵蚀量来自耕地和园地。土壤强度等级图与高程等级、坡度等级叠加。结果表明土壤侵蚀强度等级无论在平原区、丘陵区还是低山区,微度侵蚀始终占主体,随着高程的增加相同等级土壤侵蚀强度的面积在减小;土壤侵蚀强度随着坡度的增加,土壤侵蚀等级加剧,坡度大于25°土壤侵蚀面积下降。
[Abstract]:Soil erosion is the main cause of a series of ecological crises that lead to soil quality degradation and water eutrophication. It is a major environmental problem facing the global terrestrial ecosystem. The Ganyu area is located in the northern earth rock mountain area, which is the key control area of the soil erosion in the low hills and hills of Jiangsu province. The soil erosion prediction model can reflect the erosion process well. And the quantitative evaluation of the environmental effects, and the soil erodibility factor K as an important parameter of the prediction model, the accurate estimation of the K value is the basis and prerequisite for the establishment of soil erosion prediction model, and also an important basis for the quantitative evaluation of soil erosion. Therefore, the soil erodibility is studied and the K value is accurately estimated, and the quantitative evaluation of soil erosion and water is made. The establishment of soil loss model and the prevention and control of soil erosion are of great significance. In this paper, the typical low Mountain hilly region of Huaibei is selected as the research area. The measured values of different soil types are obtained by the runoff plot of the black forest and the 137Cs nuclide tracing technique, and the revised EPIC model of the linear regression equation is constructed. Based on the revised EIPIC model, it has been obtained. The spatial distribution of soil erodibility K value in Ganyu area was taken, and the correlation between soil erodibility K value and soil particle composition and organic carbon was studied. At the same time, the spatial characteristics of soil erosion in Ganyu District in 2015 were quantitatively evaluated based on the multi source data of meteorology, topography and remote sensing in Ganyu District, and the soil invasion in the study area was analyzed and revealed in the study area. The relationship between erosion and different altitudes, different slopes and different types of land use. The main research results are as follows: (1) the measured value of the soil erodibility K value and the estimated value of the runoff plot measured by the runoff plot, the K value of the yellow sand soil (brown tide subclass) is the mean value of the 0.035. measured by the ~ (137) Cs isotope tracing method and the average value of the K value by the EPIC formula. The loess (brown tide subcategory) is 0.036 and 0.041, the coated soil (brown soil subclass) is 0.037 and 0.039, the white pulp soil (brown soil subclass) is 0.053 and 0.034, the sand rock soil (coarse bone brown soil) is 0.046 and 0.045. based on the revised EPIC model to estimate the soil erodibility K average value of four soil types in Ganyu area: brown soil type is 0.034, tidal soil is 0.037, sand ginger black The soil class is the revision and verification of the 0.037 saline soil type 0.039. (2) EPIC model. The soil erodibility K value measured by 137Cs nuclide tracer method and the EPIC formula to estimate the soil erodibility K value, the correlation analysis and regression analysis are carried out, and the linear regression equation is established: y=0.701x+0.0089, R2= 0.66. revised EPIC formula: (3) obtained based on the revised EPIC model. The spatial distribution of soil erodibility K value and characteristic K value of soil erodibility in Ganyu district is gradually increasing in the northwest to Southeast. The content of soil sand grains decreases gradually in the northwest to Southeast, and the correlation between soil erodibility K value and surface soil particle characteristics is analyzed, and it is concluded that the content of sand and soil erosion K value are significant. Negative correlation, grain content and soil erosion K values have significant positive correlation, soil organic carbon content and soil erodibility K values are negative correlation. (4) the spatial distribution characteristics of soil erosion in Ganyu area. The average erosion modulus in Ganyu area is 859.2 t/km~2. A, mainly with mild erosion, the mild erosion area is 393.36km~2, 10.17% of the total area; moderate erosion surface. The product is 74.4km~2, accounting for 5.38% of the total area, the intensive erosion area is 28.03km~2, accounting for 2.03% of the total area, and the extremely strong erosion area is 23.95km~2, accounting for 1.73% of the total area, and the intensive erosion area is 14.26km~2. The soil erosion amount to the total area of 1.03%. is superimposed on the land use type map. The result shows that the soil erosion amount of 98% in Ganyu area comes from the cultivated land and the soil erosion. Soil strength grade map and elevation grade, slope grade superposition. The results show that soil erosion intensity level is always the main body in plain, hilly and low mountain areas, and the area of soil erosion intensity decreases with the increase of the same grade; soil erosion intensity increases with the slope and soil erosion grade. The soil erosion area is more than 25 degrees, and the soil erosion area is decreased.
【学位授予单位】：南京林业大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：S157.1
本文编号：2161187
[Abstract]:Soil erosion is the main cause of a series of ecological crises that lead to soil quality degradation and water eutrophication. It is a major environmental problem facing the global terrestrial ecosystem. The Ganyu area is located in the northern earth rock mountain area, which is the key control area of the soil erosion in the low hills and hills of Jiangsu province. The soil erosion prediction model can reflect the erosion process well. And the quantitative evaluation of the environmental effects, and the soil erodibility factor K as an important parameter of the prediction model, the accurate estimation of the K value is the basis and prerequisite for the establishment of soil erosion prediction model, and also an important basis for the quantitative evaluation of soil erosion. Therefore, the soil erodibility is studied and the K value is accurately estimated, and the quantitative evaluation of soil erosion and water is made. The establishment of soil loss model and the prevention and control of soil erosion are of great significance. In this paper, the typical low Mountain hilly region of Huaibei is selected as the research area. The measured values of different soil types are obtained by the runoff plot of the black forest and the 137Cs nuclide tracing technique, and the revised EPIC model of the linear regression equation is constructed. Based on the revised EIPIC model, it has been obtained. The spatial distribution of soil erodibility K value in Ganyu area was taken, and the correlation between soil erodibility K value and soil particle composition and organic carbon was studied. At the same time, the spatial characteristics of soil erosion in Ganyu District in 2015 were quantitatively evaluated based on the multi source data of meteorology, topography and remote sensing in Ganyu District, and the soil invasion in the study area was analyzed and revealed in the study area. The relationship between erosion and different altitudes, different slopes and different types of land use. The main research results are as follows: (1) the measured value of the soil erodibility K value and the estimated value of the runoff plot measured by the runoff plot, the K value of the yellow sand soil (brown tide subclass) is the mean value of the 0.035. measured by the ~ (137) Cs isotope tracing method and the average value of the K value by the EPIC formula. The loess (brown tide subcategory) is 0.036 and 0.041, the coated soil (brown soil subclass) is 0.037 and 0.039, the white pulp soil (brown soil subclass) is 0.053 and 0.034, the sand rock soil (coarse bone brown soil) is 0.046 and 0.045. based on the revised EPIC model to estimate the soil erodibility K average value of four soil types in Ganyu area: brown soil type is 0.034, tidal soil is 0.037, sand ginger black The soil class is the revision and verification of the 0.037 saline soil type 0.039. (2) EPIC model. The soil erodibility K value measured by 137Cs nuclide tracer method and the EPIC formula to estimate the soil erodibility K value, the correlation analysis and regression analysis are carried out, and the linear regression equation is established: y=0.701x+0.0089, R2= 0.66. revised EPIC formula: (3) obtained based on the revised EPIC model. The spatial distribution of soil erodibility K value and characteristic K value of soil erodibility in Ganyu district is gradually increasing in the northwest to Southeast. The content of soil sand grains decreases gradually in the northwest to Southeast, and the correlation between soil erodibility K value and surface soil particle characteristics is analyzed, and it is concluded that the content of sand and soil erosion K value are significant. Negative correlation, grain content and soil erosion K values have significant positive correlation, soil organic carbon content and soil erodibility K values are negative correlation. (4) the spatial distribution characteristics of soil erosion in Ganyu area. The average erosion modulus in Ganyu area is 859.2 t/km~2. A, mainly with mild erosion, the mild erosion area is 393.36km~2, 10.17% of the total area; moderate erosion surface. The product is 74.4km~2, accounting for 5.38% of the total area, the intensive erosion area is 28.03km~2, accounting for 2.03% of the total area, and the extremely strong erosion area is 23.95km~2, accounting for 1.73% of the total area, and the intensive erosion area is 14.26km~2. The soil erosion amount to the total area of 1.03%. is superimposed on the land use type map. The result shows that the soil erosion amount of 98% in Ganyu area comes from the cultivated land and the soil erosion. Soil strength grade map and elevation grade, slope grade superposition. The results show that soil erosion intensity level is always the main body in plain, hilly and low mountain areas, and the area of soil erosion intensity decreases with the increase of the same grade; soil erosion intensity increases with the slope and soil erosion grade. The soil erosion area is more than 25 degrees, and the soil erosion area is decreased.
【学位授予单位】：南京林业大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：S157.1
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