蜀南竹海核心景区毛竹林土壤肥力质量指标与评价
发布时间：2018-08-03 19:46
【摘要】：土壤肥力是土壤化学、物理和生物特征的综合表现。从本质上说,真正代表土壤质量,表示其对植物生长有直接关系的是土壤肥力。毛竹作为国内种植面积最大,分布最广的重要经济竹种,在生态建设和经济发展中占有重要地位。但由于人为和自然等原因,毛竹林生态系统并未达到理想的生长和生产力状态,尤其是土壤肥力质量不断退化,对毛竹的正常生长造成了影响。在众多土壤肥力质量研究中,专门针对毛竹林土壤肥力质量的研究较少。因此,对毛竹林土壤肥力质量进行全面的分析研究,为毛竹林的可持续经营,增强生态服务功能提供理论依据和方法支撑,具有十分重要的意义。以四川省宜宾市蜀南竹海核心景区毛竹林土壤为研究对象,以1：10000地形图为工作底图,按照公里网格布点,采用等距离规则抽样。选择容重、有机质、酸性磷酸酶等21个指标作为土壤肥力质量评价指标,运用主成分分析法,筛选土壤肥力质量指标,构建土壤肥力质量评价指标体系。采用经典统计法和地统计法对土壤肥力质量指标进行了分析。运用Krigiging插值法绘制土壤肥力质量评价指标空间分布图。绘制了土壤肥力质量空间分布格局图。将毛竹长势与土壤肥力质量等级进行吻合度分析,分析毛竹林C、N、P养分元素生态化学计量特征,提出相应的营林措施与对策。取得以下主要研究结果。(1)主成分分析表明,0-20cm和20-40cm土层的前6个主成分的累计贡献率各是81.986%和81.429%,有机质、速效钾、有效磷、容重、最大持水量、最小持水量、总孔隙度、酸性磷酸酶等8个评价指标对土壤肥力质量的贡献率最大,为影响土壤肥力质量的相对独立的关键因素,可作为研究区土壤肥力质量评价指标体系。(2)统计分析表明,有机质含量随着土层深度增加而降低；20-40cm土层速效钾含量略高于0-20cm土层,不够稳定；有效磷的含量在两层平均值不超过2.3mg/kg,整个研究区土壤中有效磷十分缺乏;容重随土层深度的增加而增大；土壤总孔隙度在不同土层分别为59.30%和57.13%,土壤通水透气性能较好,有利于毛竹等植物的生长,但随土层深度增加,通透性略微降低；最大持水量为66.89%和60.1%,最小持水量变化范围为48.64%和44.73%；酸性磷酸酶0-20cm和20-40cm土层均值都为0.17mg*g-1*h-1,且变化范围不大,土壤酶活性较为稳定。(3)经正态分布检验,各指标基本呈正态分布。在不同土层,评价指标的偏态检验正负均有；20-40cm土层酸性磷酸酶不满足地统计学分析的假设条件,其余指标经检验或转化后Pw值均大于0.05,基本符合正态分布。(4)半方差和空间变异性分析表明,同一评价指标在不同土层的理论半方差函数模型基本一致,速效钾用指数模型拟合最佳,容重、最小持水量、有机质、有效磷采用高斯模型拟合最佳,最大持水量在0-20cm为球状模型拟合,在20-40cm采用高斯模型拟合,总孔隙度在0-20cm土层为高斯模型拟合,在20-40cm土层指数模型拟合,酸性磷酸酶在0-20cm土层为高斯模型拟合；容重、有机质拟合程度较好,酸性磷酸酶在0-20cm土层模型拟合度较好；最大持水量、最小持水量等指标随机变异性较大,有机质、速效钾、总孔隙度等指标在不同土层存在较大的结构性空间变异；最大持水量、最小持水量、总孔隙度具有较弱的空间自相关性,有机质、有效磷在不同土层以及酸性磷酸酶在0-20cm土层中有强烈的空间自相关性,容重在两个土层表现为中等变异,速效钾在0-20cm土层为表现为中等空间自相关性,而在20-40cm土层表现为较强空间自相关性；变程在1042-1687m之间,均大于1000m的网格间距。满足Kriging插值要求。(5)不同土层各评价指标的空间分布呈斑块状分布,表现出西低东高,中心或北部各肥力因子的含量高于周边地带,中部到东部整体较高的趋势。(6)研究区土壤肥力质量划分为五个等级。总体上,二级地面积最大,一级地其次,再次是三、四、五级地。0-20cm土层中,一级地、二级地肥力较高区域均分布在中部和北部地区,三级地及三级地以下的区域从中部向东部和西部分布；20-40cm土层中,一级地、二级地肥力较高区域均分布在中部和东北部地区,三级地及三级地以下的区域主要分布于西部和东南部。(7)土壤肥力质量高,毛竹胸径较粗,竹龄结构中I度竹和II度竹所占比例较大,III度竹占比较小,出笋量大,立竹数量多；土壤肥力质量较低,毛竹胸径减小,竹龄结构中I度竹和Ⅱ度竹所占比例较小,而III度竹占比较多,出笋量小,新生竹少,立竹数量少。(8)研究区土壤生态化学计量特征与土壤肥力等级密切相关,0-20cm和20-40cm土层的出壤生态化学计量比总体上随土壤肥力质量等级的降低而降低,在个别肥力质量等级中,比值有所变化；区域内C、N含量相对较高,P元素含量普遍不高,C、N、P元素含量变化规律相对稳定,具有内在的稳定性。(9)地理条件、气候特征、土壤母质等自然因素以及人为活动干扰是造成研究区土壤肥力质量等级空间变异的主要原因。注意合理施肥,注重补充磷肥；调整林分结构；控制游客人数、规划旅游线路和区域景点。
[Abstract]:Soil fertility is the comprehensive performance of soil chemical, physical and biological characteristics. In essence, it really represents soil quality, indicating that the soil fertility is directly related to the growth of plants. Bamboo is the largest and most widely distributed important economic bamboo species in the country, which plays an important role in ecological construction and economic development. For reasons such as natural and natural, the ecological system of bamboo forest did not reach the ideal growth and productivity state, especially the quality of soil fertility deteriorated, which had an impact on the normal growth of bamboo. In the study of many soil fertility quality, there were few studies on the soil fertility quality of Mao Zhulin. Therefore, the soil fertility quality of the bamboo forest was studied. It is of great significance for Mao Zhulin to carry out a comprehensive analysis and study to provide theoretical basis and method support for the sustainable management of Mao Zhulin and to enhance the function of ecological service. Taking the soil of Mao bamboo forest in the Bamboo Sea core scenic area of Yibin city of Sichuan Province as the research object, taking the map as the base map, according to the point of the kilometer grid, the equal distance is adopted. 21 indexes such as bulk density, organic matter and acid phosphatase were selected as evaluation indexes of soil fertility quality, and soil fertility quality indexes were screened by principal component analysis, and the index system of soil fertility quality evaluation was constructed by principal component analysis. The soil fertility quality indexes were analyzed by classical statistical method and ground statistics method. Krigiging insert was used in the analysis of soil fertility quality index. The spatial distribution map of soil fertility quality evaluation index was plotted. The spatial distribution pattern of soil fertility quality was plotted. The anastomosis of bamboo growth and soil fertility quality grade was analyzed, and the ecological measurement characteristics of C, N and P nutrient elements in bamboo forest were analyzed. The corresponding measures and countermeasures were put forward. The following main research results were obtained. (1) The principal component analysis showed that the cumulative contribution rate of the first 6 principal components in the 0-20cm and 20-40cm soil layers was 81.986% and 81.429%, and organic matter, available potassium, effective phosphorus, bulk density, the maximum water capacity, the minimum water holding capacity, the total porosity, acid phosphatase, and other 8 evaluation indexes had the greatest contribution to the soil fertility quality, which was relative to the relative soil fertility quality. The key factor of independence can be used as the evaluation index system of soil fertility quality in the study area. (2) statistical analysis shows that the content of organic matter decreases with the increase of soil depth, and the content of available potassium in 20-40cm soil layer is slightly higher than that of 0-20cm soil layer, and the content of effective phosphorus is not more than 2.3mg/kg in the average average of the two layer, and it is effective in the soil of the whole study area. The bulk density increases with the increase of soil depth, and the total porosity of soil is 59.30% and 57.13% in different soil layers, and the permeability of soil is better, it is beneficial to the growth of Phyllostachys pubescens, but the permeability decreases slightly with the increase of soil depth, the maximum water holding capacity is 66.89% and 60.1%, and the minimum water holding range is 48.64%. And 44.73%, the average value of acid phosphatase 0-20cm and 20-40cm soil layer is 0.17mg*g-1*h-1, and the change range is small, the soil enzyme activity is more stable. (3) through normal distribution test, the indexes are basically normal distribution. In different soil layers, the evaluation indexes are positive and negative, and the acid phosphatase in the 20-40cm soil layer is not satisfied with the statistical analysis Assuming conditions, the Pw values of the other indexes are more than 0.05 after inspection or transformation. (4) the analysis of semi variance and spatial variability shows that the same evaluation index is basically consistent with the theoretical semi variance function model in different soil layers, and the best fitting of the exponential model for quick acting potassium, the bulk density, the minimum water holding capacity, the organic matter and the effective phosphorus are high. The best fit is to fit the maximum water holding capacity in 0-20cm. The Gauss model is fitted in the 20-40cm model, the total porosity is fitted to the Gauss model in 0-20cm soil layer, and the acid phosphatase is fitted with the Gauss model in the 20-40cm soil layer index model; the weight, the organic matter fit well, and the acid phosphatase is 0-20c The m soil layer model has better fitting degree, the maximum water holding capacity, the minimum water holding capacity and other indexes have large random variability. The organic matter, the available potassium and the total porosity have large structural spatial variation in different soil layers, the maximum water holding capacity, the minimum water holding capacity, the total porosity have weak spatial autocorrelation, the organic matter and the effective phosphorus are in different soil. The layer and acid phosphatase have strong spatial autocorrelation in the 0-20cm soil layer, the bulk density is medium variation in the two soil layers, the available potassium in the 0-20cm soil layer is the medium spatial autocorrelation, while the 20-40cm layer is strong spatial autocorrelation in the soil layer, and the change range is larger than the 1000m space between the 1042-1687m, and satisfies the Krigi. Ng interpolation requirements. (5) the spatial distribution of each evaluation index in different soil layers is distributed in a plaque like distribution, showing a low East high, the content of the fertility factors in the center or the north is higher than the surrounding area, and the central to the East is higher. (6) the soil fertility quality of the study area is divided into five grades. In general, the largest area of the two grade is the second, the second, the second, the second, the second, the second, the second, the second, the second, the second, the second, the second, the second, the second, the second, the second, the second, the second, the second, the second, the second, the second, the second, the second, the second, the second, the second, the second, the second, the second, the second, the second, the second, the second, the second, the second, the second, the second, the second, the second, the second, the second, the second, the second, the second, the second, the second, the second, the second, the second, the second In the three, four, and five level.0-20cm soil layers, the first and two higher fertility regions are distributed in the middle and northern regions, and the three and three level areas are distributed from the middle to the East and the West; in the 20-40cm soil layer, the first grade, and the higher fertility regions of the two grade are distributed in the middle and northeast regions, and three and three. The area below is mainly distributed in the western and southeastern parts. (7) the soil fertility quality is high, the bamboo diameter of bamboo is thicker, the proportion of I degree bamboo and II degree bamboo in the bamboo age structure is larger, the III degree bamboo occupies relatively small, the quantity of bamboo shoots is large, the number of standing bamboo is large, the soil fertility quality is low, the diameter of bamboo's chest is reduced, the proportion of I degree bamboo and the second degree bamboo in the bamboo age structure is small, and III The amount of bamboo shoots is small, the amount of bamboo shoots is small, the new bamboo is less and the number of standing bamboo is few. (8) the Soil Eco chemical measurement characteristics of the study area are closely related to the soil fertility grade. The ratio of the eco stoichiometry of 0-20cm and 20-40cm soil layer decreases with the decrease of the soil fertility quality grade in general, and the ratio changes in the individual fertility quality grade; C, N content is relatively high, P element content is generally not high, C, N, P element content change regularity is relatively stable and has internal stability. (9) geographical conditions, climatic characteristics, soil parent material and other natural factors as well as human activities interference are the main reasons for the spatial variation of soil fertility quality grade in the study area. Fill the phosphate fertilizer, adjust the stand structure, control the number of tourists, plan tourist routes and regional attractions.
【学位授予单位】：四川农业大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：S795;S714
本文编号：2162818
[Abstract]:Soil fertility is the comprehensive performance of soil chemical, physical and biological characteristics. In essence, it really represents soil quality, indicating that the soil fertility is directly related to the growth of plants. Bamboo is the largest and most widely distributed important economic bamboo species in the country, which plays an important role in ecological construction and economic development. For reasons such as natural and natural, the ecological system of bamboo forest did not reach the ideal growth and productivity state, especially the quality of soil fertility deteriorated, which had an impact on the normal growth of bamboo. In the study of many soil fertility quality, there were few studies on the soil fertility quality of Mao Zhulin. Therefore, the soil fertility quality of the bamboo forest was studied. It is of great significance for Mao Zhulin to carry out a comprehensive analysis and study to provide theoretical basis and method support for the sustainable management of Mao Zhulin and to enhance the function of ecological service. Taking the soil of Mao bamboo forest in the Bamboo Sea core scenic area of Yibin city of Sichuan Province as the research object, taking the map as the base map, according to the point of the kilometer grid, the equal distance is adopted. 21 indexes such as bulk density, organic matter and acid phosphatase were selected as evaluation indexes of soil fertility quality, and soil fertility quality indexes were screened by principal component analysis, and the index system of soil fertility quality evaluation was constructed by principal component analysis. The soil fertility quality indexes were analyzed by classical statistical method and ground statistics method. Krigiging insert was used in the analysis of soil fertility quality index. The spatial distribution map of soil fertility quality evaluation index was plotted. The spatial distribution pattern of soil fertility quality was plotted. The anastomosis of bamboo growth and soil fertility quality grade was analyzed, and the ecological measurement characteristics of C, N and P nutrient elements in bamboo forest were analyzed. The corresponding measures and countermeasures were put forward. The following main research results were obtained. (1) The principal component analysis showed that the cumulative contribution rate of the first 6 principal components in the 0-20cm and 20-40cm soil layers was 81.986% and 81.429%, and organic matter, available potassium, effective phosphorus, bulk density, the maximum water capacity, the minimum water holding capacity, the total porosity, acid phosphatase, and other 8 evaluation indexes had the greatest contribution to the soil fertility quality, which was relative to the relative soil fertility quality. The key factor of independence can be used as the evaluation index system of soil fertility quality in the study area. (2) statistical analysis shows that the content of organic matter decreases with the increase of soil depth, and the content of available potassium in 20-40cm soil layer is slightly higher than that of 0-20cm soil layer, and the content of effective phosphorus is not more than 2.3mg/kg in the average average of the two layer, and it is effective in the soil of the whole study area. The bulk density increases with the increase of soil depth, and the total porosity of soil is 59.30% and 57.13% in different soil layers, and the permeability of soil is better, it is beneficial to the growth of Phyllostachys pubescens, but the permeability decreases slightly with the increase of soil depth, the maximum water holding capacity is 66.89% and 60.1%, and the minimum water holding range is 48.64%. And 44.73%, the average value of acid phosphatase 0-20cm and 20-40cm soil layer is 0.17mg*g-1*h-1, and the change range is small, the soil enzyme activity is more stable. (3) through normal distribution test, the indexes are basically normal distribution. In different soil layers, the evaluation indexes are positive and negative, and the acid phosphatase in the 20-40cm soil layer is not satisfied with the statistical analysis Assuming conditions, the Pw values of the other indexes are more than 0.05 after inspection or transformation. (4) the analysis of semi variance and spatial variability shows that the same evaluation index is basically consistent with the theoretical semi variance function model in different soil layers, and the best fitting of the exponential model for quick acting potassium, the bulk density, the minimum water holding capacity, the organic matter and the effective phosphorus are high. The best fit is to fit the maximum water holding capacity in 0-20cm. The Gauss model is fitted in the 20-40cm model, the total porosity is fitted to the Gauss model in 0-20cm soil layer, and the acid phosphatase is fitted with the Gauss model in the 20-40cm soil layer index model; the weight, the organic matter fit well, and the acid phosphatase is 0-20c The m soil layer model has better fitting degree, the maximum water holding capacity, the minimum water holding capacity and other indexes have large random variability. The organic matter, the available potassium and the total porosity have large structural spatial variation in different soil layers, the maximum water holding capacity, the minimum water holding capacity, the total porosity have weak spatial autocorrelation, the organic matter and the effective phosphorus are in different soil. The layer and acid phosphatase have strong spatial autocorrelation in the 0-20cm soil layer, the bulk density is medium variation in the two soil layers, the available potassium in the 0-20cm soil layer is the medium spatial autocorrelation, while the 20-40cm layer is strong spatial autocorrelation in the soil layer, and the change range is larger than the 1000m space between the 1042-1687m, and satisfies the Krigi. Ng interpolation requirements. (5) the spatial distribution of each evaluation index in different soil layers is distributed in a plaque like distribution, showing a low East high, the content of the fertility factors in the center or the north is higher than the surrounding area, and the central to the East is higher. (6) the soil fertility quality of the study area is divided into five grades. In general, the largest area of the two grade is the second, the second, the second, the second, the second, the second, the second, the second, the second, the second, the second, the second, the second, the second, the second, the second, the second, the second, the second, the second, the second, the second, the second, the second, the second, the second, the second, the second, the second, the second, the second, the second, the second, the second, the second, the second, the second, the second, the second, the second, the second, the second, the second, the second, the second, the second, the second, the second, the second, the second, the second In the three, four, and five level.0-20cm soil layers, the first and two higher fertility regions are distributed in the middle and northern regions, and the three and three level areas are distributed from the middle to the East and the West; in the 20-40cm soil layer, the first grade, and the higher fertility regions of the two grade are distributed in the middle and northeast regions, and three and three. The area below is mainly distributed in the western and southeastern parts. (7) the soil fertility quality is high, the bamboo diameter of bamboo is thicker, the proportion of I degree bamboo and II degree bamboo in the bamboo age structure is larger, the III degree bamboo occupies relatively small, the quantity of bamboo shoots is large, the number of standing bamboo is large, the soil fertility quality is low, the diameter of bamboo's chest is reduced, the proportion of I degree bamboo and the second degree bamboo in the bamboo age structure is small, and III The amount of bamboo shoots is small, the amount of bamboo shoots is small, the new bamboo is less and the number of standing bamboo is few. (8) the Soil Eco chemical measurement characteristics of the study area are closely related to the soil fertility grade. The ratio of the eco stoichiometry of 0-20cm and 20-40cm soil layer decreases with the decrease of the soil fertility quality grade in general, and the ratio changes in the individual fertility quality grade; C, N content is relatively high, P element content is generally not high, C, N, P element content change regularity is relatively stable and has internal stability. (9) geographical conditions, climatic characteristics, soil parent material and other natural factors as well as human activities interference are the main reasons for the spatial variation of soil fertility quality grade in the study area. Fill the phosphate fertilizer, adjust the stand structure, control the number of tourists, plan tourist routes and regional attractions.
【学位授予单位】：四川农业大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：S795;S714
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