太湖流域农田生产-畜禽养殖系统氮素流动特征

发布时间：2018-08-07 17:13

【摘要】：为应对太湖严峻的水体富营养化现状,从源头上降低面源污染负荷,基于物质流分析法与质量守恒原理,研究了常熟市辛庄镇农田生产-畜禽养殖系统的氮素流动通量、流动效率及环境负荷,并用实测值进行了参数校正.结果表明:2000—2012年,辛庄镇农田生产子系统的单位面积氮素流动通量呈下降趋势,而畜禽养殖子系统的单位面积氮素流动通量则在42.5~50.9kg/hm~2范围内持续波动.氮素利用率与氮素循环利用率均较低,氮素环境损失率较高,系统损失的氮素中有54.5%进入周围水体.2000年以来,作物种植与畜禽养殖对辛庄镇环境氮负荷的贡献率分别在38.8%~50.2%与25.4%~35.8%之间波动.辛庄镇农田施氮量为310.8 kg/hm~2,人畜排泄氮量为61.1 kg/hm~2,分别远高于全国平均值(197.2和18.6 kg/hm~2).过量施用化学氮肥与畜禽粪便的大量排放是辛庄镇环境氮负荷加重的主要原因.辛庄镇高投入高产出的农业生产方式加大了太湖水环境修复的难度.建议调整作物种植与畜禽养殖结构,推广科学施肥与生态养殖,将农田生产与畜禽养殖结合形成产业链,以此减轻氮素环境负荷.
[Abstract]:In order to cope with the severe eutrophication status in Taihu and reduce the source pollution load from the source, based on the material flow analysis and the principle of conservation of mass, the nitrogen flow flux, flow efficiency and environmental load of farm production and livestock breeding system in Xinzhuang Town, Changshou City were studied, and the parameters were corrected by the measured values. The results showed that: 2000 - 20 In the 12 year, the nitrogen flow flux per unit area per unit area of the farmland production subsystem in Xinzhuang Town declined, while the unit area nitrogen flow flux per unit area of the livestock and poultry breeding subsystem fluctuated continuously within the range of 42.5~50.9kg/hm~2. The nitrogen utilization rate and nitrogen recycling utilization rate were lower, the nitrogen environment loss rate was higher, and the nitrogen in the system loss was 54.5%. The contribution rate of crop planting and livestock breeding to the environmental nitrogen load of Xinzhuang Town was fluctuated between 38.8%~50.2% and 25.4%~35.8% since.2000 years. The amount of nitrogen fertilizer applied in Xinzhuang Town was 310.8 kg/hm~2, and the excretory nitrogen of human and livestock was 61.1 kg/hm~2, which was far higher than the national average (197.2 and 18.6 kg/hm~2). The heavy discharge of livestock and poultry excrement is the main reason for the aggravation of the environmental nitrogen load in Xinzhuang Town. The high input and high output agricultural production method in Xinzhuang Town has increased the difficulty of the water environment restoration in Taihu. This reduces the nitrogen environment load.
【作者单位】：南京师范大学地理科学学院;江苏省物质循环与污染控制重点实验室;中国科学院南京土壤研究所;
【基金】：国家重大科学研究计划项目(2014CB953801) 国家自然科学基金项目(41273102) 南京师范大学“百人计划”项目(184080H20181)
【分类号】：X71;X52

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