加工番茄连作对土壤微生物群落多样性的影响

发布时间：2018-08-09 17:47

【摘要】：通过在石河子大学农学院试验站开展加工番茄连作(种植1 a、连作3 a、5 a和7 a)定点微区试验,于花果期和成熟期采集根际土壤,利用聚合酶链-变性梯度凝胶电泳(PCR-DGGE)技术,分析不同连作年限加工番茄根际微生物结构和多样性的变化。结果表明,随着加工番茄连作年限的延长,根际土壤细菌的丰富度和Shannon-Wiener多样性均有所降低,而真菌的丰富度和多样性有所升高,且成熟期花果期。连作对土壤细菌和真菌的Pielou均匀度指数影响不明显,说明各处理土壤微生物类群分布比较均匀。连作明显改变了土壤中土著细菌的群落结构,一些土著细菌优势种群数量减少或消失;土壤真菌的优势种群随连作年限的变化较大,某些真菌类群大量富集,而另一些真菌数量明显减少,甚至消失,其中,加工番茄连作5年时土壤中新出现的真菌优势种群最多,且与其他真菌种群的数量差异较大。加工番茄连作后土壤细菌和真菌群落结构失衡可能是产生连作障碍问题的重要因素。从条带测序结果看,各连作处理土样中细菌优势种群属于假单胞菌属(Pseudomonas sp.)、节杆菌属(Arthrobacter ramosu)、α-变形杆菌(Alpha proteobacterium)、不可培养的α-变形杆菌(Uncultured Alpha proteobacterium)和不可培养细菌(Uncultured bacterium),真菌优势种群属于不可培养真菌(Uncultured fungus)、Geosmithia putterillii、淀粉丝菌(Amylomyces rouxii)、热带念珠菌(Candida tropicalis)和漆斑菌属(Myrothecium sp)。总之,加工番茄连作导致根际有益菌数量减少而病原菌大量滋生,从而降低了加工番茄抵御病害的能力。
[Abstract]:The experiments of processing tomato continuous cropping (1 a, 3 a, 5 a and 7 a) were carried out at the experimental station of Agricultural College of Shihezi University. The rhizosphere soil was collected at the flowering and ripening stages, and the polymerase chain denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (PCR-DGGE) technique was used. The changes of microbial structure and diversity in the rhizosphere of tomato processed with different successive cropping years were analyzed. The results showed that the abundance of bacteria and the diversity of Shannon-Wiener in rhizosphere soil decreased with the extension of continuous cropping years of processed tomato, while the richness and diversity of fungi increased, and the period of flowering and fruit maturing. The effect of continuous cropping on the Pielou evenness index of soil bacteria and fungi was not obvious, which indicated that the distribution of soil microbial groups was more uniform. Continuous cropping significantly changed the community structure of indigenous bacteria in soil, and the dominant populations of some indigenous bacteria decreased or disappeared, and the dominant populations of soil fungi changed greatly with the years of continuous cropping, and some fungi groups were enriched in large quantities. However, the number of other fungi decreased or even disappeared, among them, the dominant population of new fungi appeared in the soil after 5 years of continuous cultivation of processed tomato, and the number of fungi was different from that of other fungi. The imbalance of soil bacterial and fungal communities after continuous cropping of processed tomatoes may be an important factor causing the problems of continuous cropping. From the results of the banding sequencing, The dominant populations of bacteria in soil samples under successive cropping treatments belong to the genus (Pseudomonas sp.), (Arthrobacter ramosu), 伪 -Proteus (Alpha proteobacterium), unculturable 伪 -Proteus (Uncultured Alpha proteobacterium), and unculturable bacteria, (Uncultured bacterium), fungi, which belong to the unculturable true population. (Uncultured fungus) Geosmithia putterillii, (Amylomyces rouxii), Candida tropicalis (Candida tropicalis) and (Myrothecium sp). In a word, continuous cultivation of processed tomato resulted in a decrease in the number of beneficial rhizosphere bacteria and a large number of pathogen breeding, which reduced the ability of processing tomato to resist diseases.
【作者单位】：石河子大学新疆兵团绿洲生态农业重点实验室;
【基金】：国家自然科学基金(31260142)~~
【分类号】：S154.3;S641.2

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