穗分化期旱涝急转对超级杂交早稻产量和生理特性的影响

发布时间：2018-08-09 20:32

【摘要】：为了探明旱涝急转对水稻产量形成的影响及其成因,以超级杂交早稻组合淦鑫203为材料,采用桶栽方式,于穗分化初期设置不旱不涝(NDNF)、干旱不涝(DNF)、不旱淹涝(NDF)及旱涝急转(DFAA)4种处理,研究不同处理下超级杂交早稻组合的产量及其构成、叶片叶绿素含量、光合参数以及内源激素等的变化。结果表明,相对于NDNF,DNF、NDF及DFAA的单株产量均不同程度下降,降幅分别为33.60%、16.92%和37.31%,且DNF和DFAA与NDNF间差异显著,DNF较NDF更不利于淦鑫203产量的形成,因此,穗分化期干旱较淹涝对超级杂交早稻产量负面影响更大,而DFAA单株产量又较DNF低,表明旱后淹涝急转存在叠加减产效应。与NDNF相比,DFAA下淦鑫203倒2叶的蒸腾速率、气孔导度、胞间CO_2浓度和叶绿素含量均不同程度降低,稻叶光合速率显著下降,表明穗分化初期DFAA对淦鑫203光合作用具有一定的叠加损伤效应;此外,淦鑫203倒2叶内源生长促进类激素IAA和GA3含量上升,ZR含量下降,内源生长抑制类激素ABA含量在处理结束前期上升,后期下降。综上,超级杂交早稻幼穗分化期遭受严重干旱不仅影响其产量的形成,还会显著降低其耐淹能力,DFAA下光合性能的下降及内源激素平衡的改变可能是产量下降的主要原因。本研究结果为双季早稻应对"旱"、"涝",尤其是"旱涝急转"等气象灾害提供了参考依据。
[Abstract]:In order to find out the effect of drought and flood on rice yield formation and its causes, Ganxin 203, a super hybrid early rice combination, was used as a material. In the early stage of panicle differentiation, four treatments, (NDNF), drought, waterlogging, (DNF), drought, waterlogging, (NDF), drought and waterlogging, and (DFAA) were used to study the yield and composition of super early hybrid rice combinations under different treatments, and the chlorophyll content in leaves. Changes of photosynthetic parameters and endogenous hormones. The results showed that the yield per plant of DNFNDF and DFAA decreased by 16.92% and 37.31%, respectively, and the difference between DNF, DFAA and NDNF was more unfavorable to the formation of Ganxin 203 than that of NDF. Drought at panicle differentiation stage had more negative effect on yield of super hybrid early rice than flooding, and yield per plant of DFAA was lower than that of DNF. Compared with NDNF, the transpiration rate, stomatal conductance, intercellular CO_2 concentration and chlorophyll content of Ganxin 203 leaves decreased, and the photosynthetic rate of rice leaves decreased significantly. The results indicated that DFAA had a superimposed damage effect on photosynthesis of Ganxin 203 at the early stage of spike differentiation, in addition, the contents of endogenous growth promoting hormones IAA and GA3 increased and the content of ZR decreased in the leaves of Ganxin 203. The content of endogenous growth suppressor hormone (ABA) increased in the early stage of treatment and decreased in the later stage. In conclusion, severe drought during panicle differentiation of super early hybrid rice not only affected its yield formation, but also significantly reduced its waterlogging tolerance under DFAA, and the change of endogenous hormone balance may be the main reason for the decline of yield. The results of this study provide a reference for the treatment of "drought", "waterlogging", especially "drought and waterlogging" and other meteorological disasters.
【作者单位】：江西农业大学农学院/江西省作物生理生态与遗传育种重点实验室/作物生理生态与遗传育种教育部重点实验室;
【基金】：国家自然科学基金项目(31471441、30860136) 江西省教育厅项目(GJJ14283)
【分类号】：S511.31;S42

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