稻麦两熟系统产量对秸秆还田的响应:基于Meta分析
发布时间：2018-08-10 17:08
【摘要】：[目的]本文旨在明确稻麦两熟系统秸秆还田对作物产量的影响。[方法]以稻麦两熟系统为研究对象,通过搜集、整理近20年的文献数据,使用Meta分析方法,定量研究了长江流域稻麦产量对秸秆还田的响应变异及其影响因素。[结果]秸秆还田能够显著增加稻麦产量,但是,水稻产量的响应程度要显著强于小麦。秸秆不同还田量对小麦产量的影响不明显,但小麦秸秆还田量大于3 750 kg·hm~(-2)时显著增加水稻产量。在长江下游地区,水稻秸秆还田显著降低小麦产量,而在长江中、上游地区,水稻秸秆还田显著增加小麦产量。在长江流域,小麦秸秆还田均显著增加水稻产量。基肥N肥以尿素形态施用下水稻秸秆还田可以增加小麦产量,但以复合肥形态施用下小麦产量对水稻秸秆还田的响应不显著。在稻秸还田条件下,全生育期N肥用量大于200 kg·hm~(-2)时,小麦产量显著降低;N肥用量不超过200 kg·hm~(-2)时,小麦产量显著增加。全生育期P肥最适用量为40~60 kg·hm~(-2),在此条件下,秸秆还田均能显著增加稻麦产量。土壤有机质含量为20~30 g·kg~(-1)时,秸秆还田能够显著提高稻麦产量;但是土壤有机质含量过高(如大于30 g·kg~(-1))时,水稻秸秆还田却降低了小麦产量。旋耕显著降低了稻秸还田下小麦产量,但其他耕作方式却能够显著增加秸秆还田对稻麦产量的正效应。此外,麦秸还田下,水稻产量在不同栽培方式间也存在差异。[结论]秸秆还田能够增加稻麦产量,但还田效益需要综合考虑区域资源特点、土壤本底条件、耕作栽培及水肥管理等因素。
[Abstract]:[objective] the purpose of this paper is to clarify the effect of straw returning to field on crop yield in rice and wheat double cropping system. [methods] based on the double cropping system of rice and wheat, the variation of rice and wheat yield response to straw returning to the field and its influencing factors in the Yangtze River Basin were quantitatively studied by collecting and sorting out the literature data of the past 20 years and using the Meta analysis method. [results] returning straw to the field could significantly increase the yield of rice and wheat, but the response of rice yield was significantly stronger than that of wheat. The effect of straw returning amount on wheat yield was not obvious, but the yield of rice was significantly increased when wheat straw returning amount was more than 3 750 kg hm ~ (-2). In the lower reaches of the Yangtze River, the return of rice straw to the field significantly reduced the wheat yield, while in the middle and upper reaches of the Yangtze River, the return of rice straw to the field significantly increased the wheat yield. In the Yangtze River valley, the return of wheat straw to the field significantly increased rice yield. The yield of wheat could be increased by the application of rice straw in urea form, but the response of wheat yield to the return of rice straw was not significant under the application of compound fertilizer. Under the condition of returning rice straw to the field, the wheat yield increased significantly when N fertilizer was more than 200 kg hm ~ (-2) during the whole growth period, and the yield of wheat decreased significantly when the application of N fertilizer was not more than 200 kg hm ~ (-2). The optimum application rate of P fertilizer in the whole growth period was 40 ~ 60 kg hm ~ (-2). Under these conditions, straw returning to the field could significantly increase the yield of rice and wheat. When the content of soil organic matter was 20 ~ 30 g kg ~ (-1), straw returning to the field could significantly increase the yield of rice and wheat, but when the content of soil organic matter was too high, such as > 30 g ~ (-1), the return of rice straw to the field decreased the yield of wheat. Rotation tillage significantly reduced wheat yield under rice straw return, but other tillage methods could significantly increase the positive effect of straw returning to rice and wheat yield. In addition, there were differences in rice yield between different cultivation methods under wheat straw returning to the field. [conclusion] returning straw to the field can increase the yield of rice and wheat, but the benefit of returning to the field should take into account the characteristics of regional resources, soil background conditions, tillage and cultivation, water and fertilizer management and so on.
【作者单位】： 南京农业大学人文与社会发展学院;
【基金】：江苏省高校哲学社会科学一般项目(2015SJD099) 中央高校基本科研业务费专项资金(SKZK2015008)
【分类号】：S141.4
，
本文编号：2175608
[Abstract]:[objective] the purpose of this paper is to clarify the effect of straw returning to field on crop yield in rice and wheat double cropping system. [methods] based on the double cropping system of rice and wheat, the variation of rice and wheat yield response to straw returning to the field and its influencing factors in the Yangtze River Basin were quantitatively studied by collecting and sorting out the literature data of the past 20 years and using the Meta analysis method. [results] returning straw to the field could significantly increase the yield of rice and wheat, but the response of rice yield was significantly stronger than that of wheat. The effect of straw returning amount on wheat yield was not obvious, but the yield of rice was significantly increased when wheat straw returning amount was more than 3 750 kg hm ~ (-2). In the lower reaches of the Yangtze River, the return of rice straw to the field significantly reduced the wheat yield, while in the middle and upper reaches of the Yangtze River, the return of rice straw to the field significantly increased the wheat yield. In the Yangtze River valley, the return of wheat straw to the field significantly increased rice yield. The yield of wheat could be increased by the application of rice straw in urea form, but the response of wheat yield to the return of rice straw was not significant under the application of compound fertilizer. Under the condition of returning rice straw to the field, the wheat yield increased significantly when N fertilizer was more than 200 kg hm ~ (-2) during the whole growth period, and the yield of wheat decreased significantly when the application of N fertilizer was not more than 200 kg hm ~ (-2). The optimum application rate of P fertilizer in the whole growth period was 40 ~ 60 kg hm ~ (-2). Under these conditions, straw returning to the field could significantly increase the yield of rice and wheat. When the content of soil organic matter was 20 ~ 30 g kg ~ (-1), straw returning to the field could significantly increase the yield of rice and wheat, but when the content of soil organic matter was too high, such as > 30 g ~ (-1), the return of rice straw to the field decreased the yield of wheat. Rotation tillage significantly reduced wheat yield under rice straw return, but other tillage methods could significantly increase the positive effect of straw returning to rice and wheat yield. In addition, there were differences in rice yield between different cultivation methods under wheat straw returning to the field. [conclusion] returning straw to the field can increase the yield of rice and wheat, but the benefit of returning to the field should take into account the characteristics of regional resources, soil background conditions, tillage and cultivation, water and fertilizer management and so on.
【作者单位】： 南京农业大学人文与社会发展学院;
【基金】：江苏省高校哲学社会科学一般项目(2015SJD099) 中央高校基本科研业务费专项资金(SKZK2015008)
【分类号】：S141.4
，
本文编号：2175608
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