卷柏内生真菌多样性及其对小麦抗旱性的影响

发布时间：2018-08-11 20:28

【摘要】：内生真菌几乎存在于所有已经研究过的植物中,经过长期与宿主植物的协同进化,与宿主植物间建立了稳定的和谐共生关系,且部分内生真菌具有产生与宿主植物相同或相似生物活性物质的能力。目前所研究并记录的真菌量占地球上真菌总量的比例甚少,国内外对内生真菌的研究多分布于禾本科及林木植株,对于内生真菌多样性的研究还有着较大拓展空间。卷柏是耐旱性较强的蕨类药用植物,本实验分离了粗叶卷柏(济源)、中华卷柏(济源)、中华卷柏(洛阳)、中华卷柏(平顶山)的内生真菌,对分离出的四类卷柏内生真菌,通过形态学与分子生物学的鉴定,初步归类于23个属。其中链格抱属(Alternaria sp.)、镰刀菌属(Fusaritm sp.)、青霉属(Penicillium sp.)、柄孢壳菌属(Podospora sp.)分离频率较高与其他菌株,除上述四个属外毛壳属(Chaetomium sp.)、黑孢属(Nigrospom sp.)、曲霉属(Aspergillus sp.)等在四类不同卷柏中都有分布,且链隔孢属、镰刀菌属在四类不同卷柏中都是优势种群。从定殖率来看,各部位内生真菌定殖率都在50%以上,Shannon-Wiener多样性指数都在2.2左右,说明卷柏体内定殖着丰富的内生真菌。其中,粗叶卷柏(济源)叶和茎部以链格孢属、镰刀菌属为优势种群,而在其根部以青霉属、链格孢属为优势种群;拟盘多毛孢属内生真菌广泛存在于中华卷柏(济源)、中华卷柏(洛阳)、中华卷柏(平顶山)中,而在粗叶卷柏(济源)内未曾分离到;炭角菌属内生真菌在粗叶卷柏(济源)、中华卷柏(济源)中都有分布,而在中华卷柏(洛阳)、中华卷柏(平顶山)内未曾分离到;说明内生真菌的定殖与分布与组织性质、宿主种类、地理位置、气候条件等多种因素有关。通过测量内生真菌侵染后的小麦,在干旱胁迫下的部分生理指标,初步从卷柏内生真菌中筛选出,粗叶卷柏(济源)叶和茎部菌B12、中华卷柏(济源)根部菌C23、中华卷柏(济源)叶和茎部菌A6、中华卷柏(洛阳)根部菌E4、中华卷柏(平顶山)叶和茎部菌A13、B3,对小麦的抗旱性都有不同程度的提高,它们分别归属于炭角菌属(Xylaria sp.)、木霉属(Trichoderma sp.)、镰刀菌属(Fusaritm sp.)、拟茎点霉属(Phomopsis sp.)、炭疽菌属(Colletotrichum sp.)。经过分析内生真菌处理后的小麦在干旱胁迫下生理指标的变化,初步推测干旱对小麦体内叶绿素含量的影响,在未达到某个干旱程度之前只会引起一定范围的减少,其在小麦体中的含量与小麦年龄以及生长环境等因素有关;部分内生真菌对宿主的有益作用会由于宿主生长环境的恶化而转变为不利于宿主生长的内在作用;此外,部分内生真菌对宿主植株的某些组织、器官活性有较大的影响,在抑制这部分组织或器官生长的同时,提高了该部位的活性或替代了该部位的某些功能。本实验研究了不同卷柏的内生真菌多样性,分析了影响内生真菌在宿主体内分布的因素,通过对分离出的卷柏内生真菌进行抗旱功能菌的筛选,初步探讨了内生真菌对植物苗期生长和抗旱性的影响,并筛选出几株对小麦抗旱性有一定促进作用的内生真菌菌株,对丰富植物内生真菌多样性的认识,开发节能环保的生物农制剂等有一定的促进作用。
[Abstract]:Endophytic fungi exist in almost all plants that have been studied. After long-term co-evolution with host plants, endophytic fungi have established stable and harmonious symbiotic relationship with host plants, and some endophytic fungi have the ability to produce the same or similar bioactive substances as host plants. The proportion of the total amount of fungi is very small. Most of the studies on endophytic fungi are distributed in Gramineae and forest plants at home and abroad. There is still much room for further research on the diversity of Endophytic fungi. Selaginella is a kind of fern medicinal plant with strong drought tolerance. Selaginella vulgaris (Jiyuan), Selaginella sinensis (Jiyuan), Selaginella sinensis (Luoyang), Selaginella sinensis (Luoyang), Selaginella The endophytic fungi of Sabina platyphylla (Pingdingshan) were classified into 23 genera by morphological and molecular identification. Among them, Alternaria sp., Fusarium sp., Penicillium sp., Podospora sp. were isolated more frequently than other strains except the above mentioned. Four genera Chaetomium sp., Nigrospom sp., Aspergillus sp. were distributed in four different kinds of Selaginella, and the dominant species were Alternaria and Fusarium in four different kinds of Selaginella. About 2.2, there are abundant endophytic fungi colonized in Selaginella. Among them, the leaves and stems of Selaginella rubra (Jiyuan) are dominated by Alternaria, Fusarium, and Penicillium and Alternaria are dominant in their roots. The endophytic fungi of Paecilomycetes are widely distributed in Selaginella chinensis (Jiyuan), Selaginella chinensis (Luoyang), Volume sinensis. No endophytic fungi were isolated from Selaginella crassifolia (Jiyuan) and from Selaginella sinensis (Jiyuan), but not from Selaginella sinensis (Luoyang) and Selaginella sinensis (Pingdingshan). The results showed that the colonization and distribution of endophytic fungi and their histological properties, host species, geographical location, and gas were not isolated. By measuring some physiological indices of wheat infected by endophytic fungi under drought stress, the endophytic fungi of Selaginella chinensis (Jiyuan), B 12, C 23, A 6 and E 4 of Selaginella chinensis (Jiyuan), E 4 of Selaginella chinensis (Luoyang) were screened. Leaf and stem fungi A13 and B3 of Selaginella sinensis (Pingdingshan) had different degrees of drought resistance to wheat. They were classified as Xylaria sp., Trichoderma sp., Fusaritm sp., Phomopsis sp., Colletotrichum sp. after endophytic fungi treatment, respectively. The changes of physiological indexes under drought stress preliminarily speculated that the effect of drought on chlorophyll content in wheat would only cause a certain extent of reduction before reaching a certain degree of drought, and the content of chlorophyll in wheat was related to the age of wheat and the growth environment, etc. Some endophytic fungi would be beneficial to the host because of the hosting. In addition, some endophytic fungi have a great influence on the activity of some tissues and organs of host plants. While inhibiting the growth of these tissues or organs, the activity of this part is increased or some functions of this part are replaced. Diversity of endophytic fungi in Selaginella japonica was analyzed. Factors affecting the distribution of endophytic fungi in host were analyzed. Drought-resistant fungi were screened from Selaginella japonica. The effects of Endophytic Fungi on plant growth and drought resistance at seedling stage were preliminarily discussed. Several endophytic truths were screened out to promote drought resistance of wheat. Bacterial strains can enrich the understanding of the diversity of endophytic fungi in plants, and promote the development of energy-saving and environmentally friendly Bio-Agricultural preparations.
【学位授予单位】：郑州大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2016
【分类号】：S512.1;S182

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