川西不同树种人工林对土壤涵水能力的影响

发布时间：2018-08-12 17:40

【摘要】：为评价青藏高原东缘不同树种造林对土壤涵水能力的影响,选择立地条件与营林方式相同的4种人工林(连香树(Cercidiphyllum japonicum)、油松(Pinus tabulaeformis)、落叶松(Larix kaempferi)和华山松(Pinus armandii))为研究对象,以落叶阔叶灌丛为对照,比较造林恢复28 a后不同人工林土壤孔隙度及持水性的变化,结合林地凋落物贮量及细根生物量等参数,试图揭示造成不同人工林地土壤涵水能力及潜力差异化的因素。结果显示:营造油松和华山松纯林不仅没能有效改善土壤孔隙状况,反而加剧了土壤涵水功能的退化。相反,连香树和落叶松在代替次生落叶灌丛造林后,土壤容重显著下降,孔隙度增加且小孔隙比例升高,持蓄水能力提高。凋落物及细根特性是不同林地土壤持水性能差异的重要因素。综合分析表明,在对退化生态系统进行造林恢复时,应尽量避免营造高密度针叶纯林,应结合种植有助于土壤结构改良的落叶或阔叶树种。
[Abstract]:In order to evaluate the effect of different tree species on soil water holding capacity in the eastern margin of Qinghai-Xizang Plateau, four plantations (Larix kaempferi) and (Pinus armandii) of Pinus tabulaeformis (Pinus tabulaeformis), and Pinus huashanensis) with the same site conditions and forest management methods were selected. Using deciduous broad-leaved shrub as control, the changes of soil porosity and soil water holding capacity of different plantations after 28 years of reforestation were compared, and the parameters of litter storage and fine root biomass were combined. This paper attempts to reveal the factors contributing to the difference of soil water holding capacity and potential in different plantations. The results showed that the pure forests of Pinus tabulaeformis and Pinus huashanensis could not effectively improve the soil pore condition, but aggravated the degradation of soil culvert function. On the contrary, after replacing the secondary deciduous shrub, the soil bulk density decreased significantly, the porosity increased and the ratio of small pores increased, and the water holding capacity increased after replacing the secondary deciduous shrub afforestation of Lianxiangshu and Larix gmelinii. The characteristics of litter and fine roots are important factors for the difference of soil water holding capacity in different forest land. The comprehensive analysis shows that when reforestation and restoration of degraded ecosystem, we should avoid creating high-density coniferous pure forest, and combine with planting deciduous or broad-leaved trees which are helpful to the improvement of soil structure.
【作者单位】：中国科学院成都生物研究所中国科学院山地生态恢复与生物资源利用重点实验室生态恢复与生物多样性保育四川省重点实验室;中国科学院大学;
【基金】：国家基金项目(31270492) 四川省科技支撑与应用基础研究及软科学项目(2017SZ0038,2009SZ0061,2009JY0107,2009ZR0152)联合资助
【分类号】：S714

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