ABR-改进型CRI工艺对养猪污水的处理研究

发布时间：2018-08-14 14:47

【摘要】：我国是世界上养猪最多的国家,广西作为全国养猪大省,养猪产业迅速发展,但同时又产生大量污水,对环境造成了很大的污染。研究养猪污水的处理工艺,使之达标排放,不仅为养猪污水处理工艺提供了理论依据,对于保护环境也有很大的意义。本论文主要以改进型人工快速渗滤系统(CRI)为主体,结合厌氧折流板反应器(ABR)和曝气处理对养猪污水进行处理研究。探讨了改进型CRI和组合工艺对养猪污水的处理效果分析,并研究了 CRI内不同高度、加水前后填料的酶活性变化和微生态分析。主要研究内容和结论如下:1.改进型CRI运行研究:(1)相同进水条件下,长、短柱对养猪污水的COD处理效果相差不大,但大柱对污水中NH3-N的去除效果较小柱好;水力负荷与COD和NH3-N的去除率呈负相关;提高进水的有机负荷可在一定程度上可提高污水COD的去除率,但当有机负荷增加到一定程度时,CRI系统的去除率基本保持稳定。(2)一二级联用可有效提高改进型CRI对养猪污水的处理效果,在进水COD浓度为340～471mg/L时,一级和二级渗滤柱出水浓度分别为183～234mg/L和49～102mg/L;进水NH3-N浓度为85～155mg/L,一级和二级渗滤柱出水浓度分别为85～155mg/L和9～31mg/L。(3)在一级渗滤柱中,随各填料层厚度的增加,出水COD浓度基本呈下降趋势,NH3-N浓度持续下降,NO2--N浓度先增加后降低,NO3--N浓度持续增加,pH持续降低。二级渗滤柱中,COD、NH3-N、NO3--N和pH变化规律与一级渗滤柱相似,但NO2--N随各填料层的增加,浓度持续下降。(4)提高进水碳氮比后,系统对污水COD和NH3-N的去除效果增强;与低碳氮比时不同,NO2--N浓度在一级渗滤柱中浓度基本呈下降趋势,在二级渗滤柱中下降更明显;NO3--N浓度依然呈升高趋势;一级渗滤柱出水的pH与低碳氮比时变化规律相同,呈下降趋势,但二级渗滤柱出水pH变化不大。2.组合工艺对养猪污水的处理研究:(1)ABR反应器对养猪污水COD的去除主要发生在第1、2格室,第4格室最少。(2)COD和NH3-N去除效果最好的是工艺二(ABR-曝气-改进型CRI),ABR进水浓度为734～1436mg/L,曝气出水达到238～882mg/L,工艺出水可达50mg/L左右;添加曝气处理后工艺二对NH3-N的去除影响明显,去除率达99%以上。(3)NO2--N浓度变化规律在工艺一(ABR-改进型CRI)与工艺二中相似,ABR进出水浓度变化不明显,在CRI一级处理中浓度上升明显,在CRI二级处理后浓度又出现明显下降。在工艺三(曝气-ABR-改进型CRI)中,N02--N浓度在ABR反应器处理前后出现下降趋势。(3)NO3--N浓度在工艺二中污水经曝气处理后没有升高趋势,但在工艺三中NO3--N浓度升高明显,且经ABR处理后NO3--N浓度出现明显下降。(4)TN去除效果在添加曝气处理后去除效果变化明显,工艺一和工艺二进水TN分别为595mg/L和646mg/L时,去除率分别为14.22%和45.57%,工艺二较工艺一去除效果明显提高。将曝气处理放置于ABR前端可有效提高ABR对TN的去除效果。3.改进型CRI系统内填料的酶活性分析:长柱中填料的4种酶(过氧化氢酶、脲酶、硝酸盐还原酶和亚硝酸盐还原酶)活性在加水后活性一般均高于加水前,且水力负荷较高时酶活性也较高。填料中过氧化氢酶和脲酶活性在一级柱中要大于二级柱,填料的硝酸盐还原酶和亚硝酸盐还原酶活性二级柱略大于一级柱。4.改进型CRI内填料高通量测序分析。(1)在改进型CRI一级渗滤柱内,在门的分类水平上填料的变形菌门、拟杆菌门、厚壁菌门、放线菌和绿弯菌门的相对丰度较大,变形菌门为绝对优势类群。在属的分类水平上亚硝化菌属在一级渗滤柱上、中、下部加水前和加水后均有发现,且在CRI中层比率最高分别为6.95%和3.42%,硝化菌属在一级渗滤柱下层比率最高,加水前后分别为2.09%、3.04%,厌氧氨氧化菌在一级渗滤柱内并未发现。(2)在改进型CRI二级渗滤柱内,在门的分类水平上与一级渗滤柱相似,变形菌门、拟杆菌门、厚壁菌门和放线菌门的相对丰度最大,变形菌门为绝对优势类群。与一级渗滤柱不同,亚硝化菌属在渗滤柱上层位置采样口样品中比率最高加水前后分别为4.15%和5.34%。硝化菌属在加水前、后二级渗滤柱的上层填料取样口样品中比率均较高,分别为3.85%和2.44%。在二级渗滤柱中层发现厌氧氨氧化菌属,在二级渗滤柱中层样品加水前、后比率分别为0.02%、0.1%。
[Abstract]:China has the largest number of pig-raising countries in the world. As a big pig-raising Province in China, the pig-raising industry in Guangxi has developed rapidly, but at the same time a large amount of sewage has been produced, which has caused great pollution to the environment. The purpose of this paper is to study the treatment of swine wastewater by improved rapid infiltration system (CRI), combined with anaerobic baffled reactor (ABR) and aeration. The effect of improved CRI and combined process on swine wastewater treatment is discussed, and the change of enzyme activity of filler in different height of CRI before and after adding water is studied. The main research contents and conclusions are as follows: (1) Under the same influent conditions, the COD treatment effect of long and short columns on pig sewage is similar, but the removal effect of large columns on NH3-N in sewage is better; hydraulic load is negatively correlated with the removal rate of COD and NH3-N; increasing the organic load of influent is feasible. To a certain extent, the removal rate of COD can be improved, but the removal rate of CRI system is basically stable when the organic load is increased to a certain extent. (2) The treatment effect of modified CRI on pig sewage can be effectively improved by using the first and second cascades. When the COD concentration of influent water is 340-471 mg/L, the effluent concentration of primary and secondary leachate columns is 183-23, respectively. The influent NH3-N concentration was 85-155mg/L, and the effluent concentration of primary and secondary filtration columns were 85-155mg/L and 9-31mg/L, respectively. (3) With the increase of the thickness of each packing layer, the COD concentration of effluent decreased, NH3-N concentration decreased, NO2-N concentration increased first and then decreased, NO3-N concentration increased, P. In the secondary filtration column, COD, NH3-N, NO3-N and pH were similar to those in the primary filtration column, but the concentration of NO2-N decreased continuously with the increase of the filler layers. (4) The removal efficiency of COD and NH3-N was enhanced with the increase of influent C/N ratio, and the concentration of NO2-N in the primary filtration column was basically decreased, unlike that in the low C/N ratio. The pH value of the effluent from the first stage was the same as that of the low C/N ratio, but the pH value of the effluent from the second stage had little change. 2. Study on the treatment of pig sewage by the combined process: (1) COD removal from pig sewage by ABR reactor mainly occurred. The best removal effect of COD and NH3-N was process 2 (ABR-aeration-improved CRI), the influent concentration of ABR was 734-1436 mg/L, the aerated effluent was 238-882 mg/L, and the effluent was about 50 mg/L. The removal rate of NH3-N was over 99% after aeration treatment. In process one (ABR-modified CRI) and process two, the concentration of influent and effluent of ABR did not change significantly, but increased significantly in CRI treatment, and decreased significantly after CRI treatment. In process three (aeration-ABR-modified CRI), the concentration of N02-N decreased before and after the treatment of ABR reactor. In process 2, the concentration of NO3-N in process 3 increased significantly, and the concentration of NO3-N decreased significantly after treatment with ABR. (4) The removal efficiency of TN changed significantly after treatment with aeration. When TN in process 1 and process 2 was 595 mg/L and 646 mg/L respectively, the removal efficiency was 14.22%. The removal efficiency of TN by ABR can be improved by aeration treatment in front of ABR. 3. Enzyme activity analysis of fillers in improved CRI system: the activities of four enzymes (catalase, urease, nitrate reductase and nitrite reductase) in the fillers in the column were generally normal after adding water. The activity of catalase and urease in the filler was higher in the first column than in the second column. The activity of nitrate reductase and nitrite reductase in the second column was slightly higher than that in the first column. 4. High throughput sequencing analysis of the filler in the improved CRI. The relative abundance of proteus, bacteroides, sclerenchyma, actinomycetes and Campylobacter aeruginosa was relatively high at the phylum classification level, and the Proteus was the absolute dominant group. 95% and 3.42% of the nitrifying bacteria were found in the lower layer of the first-order percolation column, and the ratio of nitrifying bacteria was the highest, which was 2.09% and 3.04% respectively before and after adding water. Anaerobic ammonia-oxidizing bacteria were not found in the first-order percolation column. (2) In the improved CRI secondary percolation column, the classification level of the door was similar to that of the first-order percolation column. Unlike the first-order percolation column, the highest ratios of nitrosobacteria were 4.15% and 5.34% before and after water addition, respectively. The ratios of nitrobacteria were higher in the upper-level filler samples of the second-order percolation column before and after water addition, which were 3.85% and 2.44% respectively. Anaerobic ammonia-oxidizing bacteria were found in the middle layer of the leachate column. The ratio of anaerobic ammonia-oxidizing bacteria to anaerobic ammonia-oxidizing bacteria was 0.02% and 0.1% respectively before adding water to the middle layer of the secondary leachate column.
【学位授予单位】：广西师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：X713

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