紫茎泽兰预处理厌氧发酵工艺及其沼液抑菌效果研究

发布时间：2018-08-19 15:14

【摘要】：厌氧发酵是将紫茎泽兰进行资源化利用的一种有效途径,但紫茎泽兰中的生物活性成分会引起厌氧发酵微生物慢性中毒,为有效提高紫茎泽兰在厌氧发酵中的利用效率,更好地实现紫茎泽兰的资源化利用,本文初步建立了黑曲霉预处理紫茎泽兰的方法,并采用批量和半连续的发酵方式,探讨了黑曲霉作为预处理剂对厌氧发酵产气特性的影响及其厌氧发酵液对几种病原真菌的抑制情况。预处理实验研究结果表明,用黑曲霉对紫茎泽兰进行生物预处理,可有效促进原料中木素、综纤维素和挥发油的降解。同时,预处理时间对处理的效果影响十分显著,以质量分数为5%的黑曲霉添加量,在30℃的温度条件下,处理时间为8天效果最好:新鲜紫茎泽兰中综纤维素和Klason木素含量分别为51.25%和14.03%;预处理8天后,综纤维素和Klason木素分别降解了10.08%和3.48%,挥发油则降解了37.15%。批量发酵实验结果表明,紫茎泽兰经黑曲霉预处理,可使产气周期明显缩短,发酵启动速度、厌氧发酵的产气效率和产气潜力显著提高,有效避免了过度酸化现象。半连续发酵实验研究显示,使用驯化过的活性污泥做接种物,未处理的紫茎泽兰虽然可正常进行半连续发酵且未发生中毒现象,但经黑曲霉预处理后的紫茎泽兰,其日产沼气量和产甲烷量都明显高于未经任何处理的紫茎泽兰,且产气和产甲烷情况更加稳定,日产甲烷量、TS和VS产气率比未预处理的紫茎泽兰分别提高了74.8%、53.6%和58.9%。抑菌实验研究结果表明,猪粪沼液、未处理紫茎泽兰沼液和黑曲霉预处理紫茎泽兰沼液对3种病原菌均具有良好的抑制效果,但存在显著差异:未预处理的紫茎泽兰沼液对木霉和烟草黑胫病菌的抑制率高于其他两种沼液,而经黑曲霉预处理的紫茎泽兰沼液对小克银汉霉的抑制率高于其他两种沼液。另外研究还发现对不同病原菌的抑制效果和沼液的浓度成正相关关系,即沼液对3种病原菌的抑制率随着其浓度的增加而增加。
[Abstract]:Anaerobic fermentation is an effective way to utilize Eupatorium purpurea as a resource, but the bioactive components in Eupatorium purpurea can cause chronic poisoning of anaerobic fermentation microorganisms, in order to effectively improve the utilization efficiency of Eupatorium purpurea in anaerobic fermentation. In order to realize the resource utilization of Eupatorium sinensis, the method of pretreatment by Aspergillus Niger was established in this paper, and the batch and semi-continuous fermentation method was adopted. The effects of Aspergillus Niger as a pretreatment agent on anaerobic fermentation gas production and the inhibition of anaerobic fermentation broth on several pathogenic fungi were studied. The experimental results of pretreatment showed that biopretreatment with Aspergillus Niger could effectively promote the degradation of lignin, holocellulose and volatile oil in raw materials. At the same time, the pretreatment time has a significant effect on the treatment effect. At 30 鈩，

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