南极菲尔德斯半岛土壤微生物多样性的初步分析

发布时间：2018-08-21 20:30

【摘要】：南极地区极端的气候条件使其成为地球上最严酷的陆地生境之一,其特殊生境条件孕育了独特的微生物类群。本文以中国第30次南极科学考察采集的25个站位和第29次南极科学考察采集的2个典型站位的土壤样品为研究对象。采用传统的分离培养方法和454高通量测序的技术手段,获得了该区域可培养微生物的多样性信息,分析了典型站位的细菌群落结构,探讨了土壤理化因子和细菌群落结构的相关性。主要结论如下:通过传统的分离培养获得了88株细菌和41株真菌。纯化后的菌株经过16S rDNA和ITS测序比对、构建系统发育树分析了该区域的可培养土壤微生物多样性。研究结果表明假单胞菌属(Pseudomonas)和节杆菌属(Arthrobacter)为优势细菌类群;地丝霉属(Geomyces)和被孢霉属(Mortierella)为优势真菌类群,不同站位的细菌和真菌多样性存在一定的差异。2个典型站位土壤样品的高通量测序数据经过生物信息统计分析,结果显示,相对于环境本底站位A1,人类活动频繁的站位W2土壤中细菌的群落结构明显不同,表明人类活动能够影响土壤的细菌群落结构。不同细菌类群结合土壤理化性质的线性回归分析表明,不同细菌类群和土壤理化因子的相关性不一样,其受主控的理化因子也存在差异。RDA分析显示环境因子组对微生物群落分布的差异性变化具有很好的解释度。本研究的结果为了解南极生态系统的运转和南极菌种资源的利用打下了前期基础。把土壤理化因子作为中间桥梁,通过RDA分析将高通量测序结果与人类活动对土壤群落影响相结合,能够提供实验数据上的论证关系。同时启示科研人员有可能通过微生物高通量测序结果和土壤因子有效预测土壤微生物多样性受外部活动影响带来的的特定改变。
[Abstract]:The extreme climatic conditions in the Antarctic region make it one of the harshest terrestrial habitats on the earth, and its special habitat conditions give birth to unique microbial groups. The soil samples from 25 stations collected from the 30th Antarctic Scientific Survey in China and 2 typical stations from the 29th Antarctic Scientific Survey were studied in this paper. The diversity information of culturable microorganisms in this area was obtained by using traditional isolation and culture methods and 454 high-throughput sequencing techniques. The community structure of bacteria in typical stations was analyzed. The correlation between soil physicochemical factors and bacterial community structure was discussed. The main conclusions are as follows: 88 strains of bacteria and 41 strains of fungi were obtained by traditional culture. After 16s rDNA and ITS sequencing, phylogenetic tree was constructed to analyze the diversity of culturable soil microorganisms in this region. The results showed that Pseudomonas (Pseudomonas) and Arthrobacter (Arthrobacter) were dominant bacterial groups, while (Geomyces) and (Mortierella) were dominant fungi groups. The diversity of bacteria and fungi was different in different stations. The high-throughput sequencing data of soil samples from two typical stations were analyzed by bioinformatics, and the results showed that, Compared with the environmental background site A1, the community structure of bacteria in W2 soil with frequent human activities is obviously different, which indicates that human activities can affect the soil bacterial community structure. Linear regression analysis of different bacterial groups combined with soil physical and chemical properties showed that the correlations between different bacterial groups and soil physicochemical factors were different. RDA analysis showed that the environmental factor group had a good explanation for the variation of microbial community distribution. The results of this study lay a foundation for understanding the operation of Antarctic ecosystem and the utilization of Antarctic bacterial resources. Taking soil physical and chemical factors as the intermediate bridge, the high-throughput sequencing results were combined with the effects of human activities on soil communities by RDA analysis, which could provide the demonstration relationship on the experimental data. At the same time, it is possible for researchers to predict the specific changes caused by external activities in soil microbial diversity through high throughput sequencing of microbes and soil factors.
【学位授予单位】：青岛大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：S154.36

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