不同外源添加物质对土壤磷素淋溶和迁移特征的影响

发布时间：2018-08-22 18:43

【摘要】：采用室内模拟淋溶土柱的方法,研究四种外源添加物质(土壤调理剂、砒砂岩、秸秆、生物炭)对土壤磷素淋溶和迁移特征的影响。结果表明:(1)不同外源添加物质均增加了淋溶液中总磷(TP)的累积量,淋溶浓度介于0.05~2.86 mg·L~(-1),其中生物炭和秸秆的效果显著;(2)添加生物炭的土柱淋溶液中总可溶性磷(TDP)的变化趋势与TP相似,整体上先升高后降低;添加秸秆减少了土柱淋溶液中可溶性反应磷(DRP)在TDP中所占的比例。(3)添加秸秆减少了土柱中速效磷(Olsen-P)含量,而添加生物炭的处理,随着添加比例的增大,分别比对照增加141%、290%、382%;(4)添加秸秆的各土层中土壤可溶性磷(CaCl_2-P)含量无明显差异,在其它处理中,呈现先减小后增大的趋势。添加生物炭的各土层中CaCl_2-P含量变化幅度大。综上,生物炭显著地增大了土壤中磷素的淋溶和迁移能力,秸秆可减少淋溶液中DRP的含量,阻止土壤中CaCl_2-P向下层迁移。
[Abstract]:The effects of four kinds of exogenous substances (soil conditioning agent, arsenite, straw, biochar) on the leaching and migration of phosphorus in soil were studied by simulated leaching column in laboratory. The results showed that: (1) the accumulation of total phosphorus (TP) in leaching solution was increased by adding different exogenous substances. The leaching concentration was between 0.05 ~ 2.86 mg / L ~ (-1), in which the effect of biochar and straw was remarkable. (2) the change trend of total soluble phosphorus (TDP) in soil column leaching solution was similar to that of TP, which increased first and then decreased. Adding straw reduced the proportion of soluble reactive phosphorus (DRP) in soil column leaching solution in TDP. (3) addition of straw reduced the content of available phosphorus (Olsen-P) in soil column, but with the increase of the proportion of adding biochar, the content of available phosphorus (Olsen-P) in soil column increased with the addition of straw. Compared with the control, the content of soluble phosphorus (CaCl_2-P) in each soil layer increased by 141% and 290% respectively. (4) there was no significant difference in soil soluble phosphorus (CaCl_2-P) content in each soil layer with straw addition, but in other treatments, the content of soil soluble phosphorus (CaCl_2-P) decreased first and then increased. The content of CaCl_2-P in each soil layer with biochar changed greatly. In conclusion, biochar significantly increased the ability of phosphorus leaching and migration in soil, straw can reduce the content of DRP in leaching solution and prevent CaCl_2-P from moving down the layer in soil.
【作者单位】：西北农林科技大学资源环境学院农业部西北植物营养与农业环境重点实验室;汉中市农业科学研究所;
【基金】：国家“十二五”科技支撑计划项目子课题(2012BAD15B04)
【分类号】：S153.6

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