脲醛缓释肥不同配比对小麦生长及土壤氮素养分的影响

发布时间：2018-08-24 19:15

【摘要】：在黄淮海地区冬小麦中高产田采用小区试验,以普通尿素基施、普通尿素基施加追施作对比,研究脲醛氮占总氮30%,40%,50%,60%,70%的不同脲醛缓释掺混肥在田间的氮素养分释放特征,以及对土壤氮素养分、小麦产量、氮素利用率及经济效益的影响,探明合理施用脲醛缓释肥最优氮素配比,以达到增加产量、节约资源、增加经济效益的目的。结果表明:脲醛掺混肥氮素释放量在小麦生育进程中呈现高低再高低的变化过程,脲醛氮占总氮40%或50%最有利于土壤氮素供应,脲醛氮所占比例过大或过小,都不利于小麦整个生长期氮素供应。脲醛氮占总氮40%和50%的处理小麦穗数和穗粒数表现较好,每公顷比普通施肥增产11.36%~13.67%,而脲醛氮占总氮30%,60%和70%的处理增产效果不显著。与普通尿素基肥、基肥加追肥处理相比,脲醛氮占总氮40%,50%的处理氮素利用效率提高24.80%~103.87%,而脲醛氮占总氮30%,70%的氮素利用率没有显著变化,甚至会降低氮素利用率。脲醛氮占总氮40%,50%的处理比普通施肥处理增收1 350~1 591元/hm~2。综合考虑资源节约、增产效果及增收等因素,建议在黄淮海地区冬小麦中高产田施肥管理中以脲醛氮占总氮40%~50%进行配比施用。
[Abstract]:In the winter wheat field with high yield in Huang-Huai-Hai area, the nitrogen release characteristics of urea formaldehyde nitrogen (UF) and urea formaldehyde (UF) slow-release mixed fertilizer (UF) with different urea formaldehyde (UF) slow-release mixed fertilizer (UF) in the field were studied by using plot experiment and topdressing with common urea base and topdressing, respectively, in the middle and high yield fields of winter wheat in Huang-Huai-Hai area. The effects on soil nitrogen nutrient, wheat yield, nitrogen utilization efficiency and economic benefit were also discussed. The optimum nitrogen ratio of UF slow-release fertilizer was proved to increase yield, save resources and increase economic benefit. The results showed that the amount of nitrogen released from UF mixed fertilizer changed from high to low during the growth process of wheat. The ratio of UF nitrogen to total nitrogen was 40% or 50%, and the proportion of UF nitrogen was too large or too small. All of them are unfavorable to the supply of nitrogen in the whole growing period of wheat. The yield of wheat panicles and grains per hectare increased by 11.36% and 13.67% per hectare under the treatment of 40% and 50% of the total nitrogen, but the yield was not significant in the treatments with the ratio of 30% and 70% of the total nitrogen. Compared with common urea base fertilizer and base fertilizer plus top dressing treatment, the nitrogen utilization efficiency of the treatment, which accounted for 40% of the total nitrogen and 50% of the total nitrogen, increased the nitrogen utilization efficiency by 24.80% 103.87, while the nitrogen utilization efficiency of the treatment with urea formaldehyde nitrogen accounted for 30% and 70% of the total nitrogen did not change significantly, and even decreased the nitrogen use efficiency. The treatment with urea formaldehyde nitrogen accounting for 40% of the total nitrogen added 1 350 ~ 1 591 yuan / h ~ (-1) / hm ~ (2) compared with the common fertilizer treatment. Considering the factors of saving resources, increasing yield and increasing income, it was suggested that the proportion of urea formaldehyde nitrogen to 40% of total nitrogen should be applied in the middle and high yield field of winter wheat in Huang-Huai-Hai area.
【作者单位】：土肥资源高效利用国家工程实验室;山东农业大学资源与环境学院;五洲丰农业科技有限公司;
【基金】：国家“948”重点项目(2011-G30) 企业基金项目“脲醛缓释肥在作物上的施用效果研究”
【分类号】：S512.1;S158

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