陕北无定河流域土壤侵蚀与植被覆盖和降雨关系研究

发布时间：2018-08-25 12:19

【摘要】：基于2000—2014年陕北无定河流域日降水、DEM、土壤类型、MODIS NDVI等数据,利用修正通用土壤流失方程(RUSLE)估算了流域土壤侵蚀情况,定量分析了植被覆盖和降雨在土壤侵蚀中的作用,结果表明:(1)无定河流域土壤侵蚀以微度侵蚀为主,平均占流域面积的88.35%,各土壤侵蚀等级面积比例随等级的升高而降低。2000—2014年微度侵蚀面积比例为下降趋势,轻度及以上等级面积比例均为上升趋势。(2)不考虑降雨因子影响时,无定河流域仍以微度侵蚀为主,且为增加趋势,而其他土壤侵蚀等级均为下降趋势。不考虑植被覆盖因子时,流域土壤侵蚀与模型计算结果的变化趋势基本一致。(3)植被覆盖对土壤侵蚀面积比例和变化速率的贡献率分别为13.67%和24.55%,而降雨作用达到86.33%和75.44%,表明降雨是流域土壤侵蚀的主要动力和控制因子,降雨变化主导着流域土壤侵蚀变化过程。
[Abstract]:Based on the data of daily precipitation (DEM) and soil type (MODIS NDVI) in Wuding River Basin of Northern Shaanxi from 2000 to 2014, the soil erosion situation was estimated by using the modified general soil loss equation (RUSLE), and the effects of vegetation cover and rainfall on soil erosion were quantitatively analyzed. The results showed that: (1) soil erosion in Wuding River Basin was dominated by micro-erosion, which accounted for 88.35% of the basin area, and the proportion of soil erosion grade area decreased with the increase of grade. The proportion of micro-erosion area decreased from 2000 to 2014. The proportion of light and above grade area is all rising. (2) when rainfall factors are not taken into account, the micro-erosion is still the main trend in Wuding River basin, while the other soil erosion grades are all decreasing. When vegetation cover factors are not considered, (3) the contribution rates of vegetation cover to soil erosion area ratio and change rate were 13.67% and 24.55%, respectively, while rainfall action reached 86.33% and 75.4445% respectively, indicating that rainfall is the soil of watershed. The main forces and controlling factors of erosion, The change of rainfall dominates the process of soil erosion.
【作者单位】：西安科技大学测绘科学与技术学院;黄土高原土壤侵蚀与旱地农业国家重点实验室/中国科学院水利部水土保持研究所;西北大学城市与环境学院;
【基金】：国家自然科学基金项目(41671086) 国家重点研发计划项目(2016YFC0501707) 黄土高原土壤侵蚀与旱地农业国家重点实验室开放基金项目(A314021402-1616) 陕西省大学生创新训练计划项目(201610704073)
【分类号】：S157

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