长江流域典型地区土壤碳库变化及固碳潜力研究
发布时间：2018-08-25 15:26
【摘要】：土壤碳库是全球碳库的重要组成部分,其微小幅度的碳源汇变化就可以较显著的影响大气碳库。本文选择长江流域多目标区域地球化学调查覆盖区,利用多目标区域地球化学调查数据和第二次全国土壤普查数据计算了土壤碳密度及储量,对比了20年来土壤碳库变化趋势,分析土壤碳源汇的影响因素,并估算研究区农田土壤固碳潜力。分析研究区土壤碳库结构表明,研究区土壤碳库以有机碳为主,0~20cm、0~100cm和0~180cm深度对应的土壤有机碳储量(SOCS20、SOCS100和SOCS180)分别为1510.22Tg C、4975.20Tg C和7902.54Tg C。利用空间插值法对研究区土壤有机碳密度(SOCD)进行空间分布分析表明,四川西部龙门山地区、贵阳周边地区、湖南南部以及太湖周边地区较高,四川东南部、重庆周边以及江苏东部沿海地区较低。在研究区各土壤类型中,SOCD相对较高的有暗棕壤、褐土、棕壤、山地草甸土、黄壤,而滩涂、滨海盐土、紫色土、灌淤土相对较低;在各土地利用类型中表现为草地SOCD最高,其次是林地,滩涂最低。对比21世纪初和20世纪80年代土壤数据表明,研究区除了滩涂和沼泽地外,其他各土地利用类型有机碳密度总体上呈增加趋势。从总量上看,林地和水田固碳量较大,分别为148.84Tg C和114.10Tg C,其次是草地,为22.96Tg C,统计得到研究区二十年间土壤有机碳库累计形成土壤碳汇约312.38Tg C。研究区大部分区域SOCD明显增加,尤其成都平原西部的龙门山地区、雅安南侧地区、贵阳周边地区增加非常明显;而重庆-宜昌沿江地区、成都平原南部的内江-成都-乐山地区、镇江-高淳周边地区呈减少趋势。分析土壤理化性质、土地利用变化、气候变化以及土壤侵蚀作用对研究区土壤有机碳的影响。在各个影响因素中,导致研究区土壤碳库增加的主要因素是,林地草地等植被恢复性生长、农业耕作水平的提高,气候的变化是导致研究区土壤碳源的重要原因,而土地利用变化对土壤碳库影响较小,土壤侵蚀因素对研究区的水田基本没有影响,但对旱地影响比较明显。另外,其他因素导致研究区土壤碳库增加181.07Tg C,具体原因有待进一步分析。利用模型公式法计算研究区农田土壤的固碳潜力(SOCDP)表明,研究区贵州省和湖南省北部区域大部分农田土壤SOCDP较低,在环境条件不变的情况下,这片区域未来可能成为土壤碳源释放碳;而湖北省和安徽省SOCDP普遍较高,土壤固碳潜力较大。从不同土壤类型的SOCDP看,黄壤、沼泽土和紫色土未来将成为碳源;而其他土壤类型未来将成为土壤碳汇。从固碳总量(SOCSP)来看,黄棕壤和水稻土SOCSP较大;而黄壤、沼泽土和紫色土的碳源作用明显,应在该土壤类型的农田管理措施中采取保护性耕作或改变土地利用类型,减缓碳源作用。
[Abstract]:Soil carbon pool is an important part of global carbon pool, and the small change of carbon source and sink can significantly affect the atmospheric carbon pool. In this paper, the soil carbon density and reserves are calculated by using the multi-objective regional geochemical survey data and the data of the second national soil census, and the variation trend of soil carbon pool in the past 20 years is compared. The influencing factors of soil carbon sink were analyzed and the potential of carbon sequestration in farmland was estimated. The structure of soil carbon pool in the study area showed that the soil organic carbon storage (SOCS20,SOCS100 and SOCS180) corresponding to the depth of soil organic carbon (SOCS20,SOCS100) and the depth of 0~180cm (100cm) were 1510.22Tg C 4975.20Tg C and 7902.54Tg C, respectively. The spatial distribution of soil organic carbon density (SOCD) in the study area was analyzed by spatial interpolation method. The results showed that the Longmen Mountain area in the west of Sichuan, the surrounding area of Guiyang, the south of Hunan and the surrounding area of Taihu Lake were higher than those in the southeast of Sichuan. Chongqing and the eastern coastal areas of Jiangsu Province are lower. Dark brown soil, cinnamon soil, brown soil, mountain meadow soil, yellow soil, tidal flat, littoral saline soil, purple soil and irrigated silt were relatively high in each soil type of study area, and grassland SOCD was the highest in each land use type. Next is the woodland, the tidal flat is lowest. The comparison of soil data from the beginning of the 21st century and the 1980s shows that the organic carbon density of other land use types in the study area, except the tidal flat and marshland, is increasing in general. In terms of the total amount of carbon sequestration, the carbon sequestration in forestland and paddy field was relatively large (148.84Tg C and 114.10Tg C, respectively), followed by grassland (22.96Tg C). The soil organic carbon pool accumulated to form soil carbon sink (312.38Tg C) in the study area during 20 years. The SOCD increased significantly in most regions of the study area, especially in the Longmen Mountain region in the west of Chengdu Plain, the south side of Ya'an and the surrounding area of Guiyang, while the Chongqing-Yichang area along the Yangtze River, The Neijiang-Chengdu-Leshan area in the south of Chengdu Plain, Zhenjiang-Gaochun area shows a decreasing trend. The effects of soil physical and chemical properties, land use change, climate change and soil erosion on soil organic carbon were analyzed. Among the influencing factors, the main factors that lead to the increase of soil carbon pool in the study area are the restoration growth of vegetation such as woodland and grassland, the improvement of agricultural cultivation level, and the change of climate are the important reasons leading to the soil carbon source in the study area. However, land use change had little effect on soil carbon pool, soil erosion had no effect on paddy field, but it had obvious effect on dryland. In addition, other factors lead to the increase of 181.07Tg C in soil carbon pool in the study area, the specific reasons need to be further analyzed. The carbon sequestration potential (SOCDP) of farmland soils in the study area was calculated by using the model formula method. The results show that the SOCDP of most farmland soils in Guizhou Province and northern Hunan Province is low, and the environmental conditions are not changed. This region is likely to be a carbon source in the future, while the SOCDP is generally high in Hubei and Anhui provinces, and the potential of carbon sequestration in soils is great. According to the SOCDP of different soil types, yellow soil, swamp soil and purple soil will become carbon sources in the future, while other soil types will become soil carbon sinks in the future. In terms of total carbon sequestration (SOCSP), the SOCSP of yellow brown soil and paddy soil was larger, while the carbon source of yellow soil, swamp soil and purple soil was obvious, so conservation tillage or land use type should be adopted in farmland management measures of this soil type. To slow down the action of carbon source.
【学位授予单位】：中国地质大学(北京)
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：S153.6
本文编号：2203313
[Abstract]:Soil carbon pool is an important part of global carbon pool, and the small change of carbon source and sink can significantly affect the atmospheric carbon pool. In this paper, the soil carbon density and reserves are calculated by using the multi-objective regional geochemical survey data and the data of the second national soil census, and the variation trend of soil carbon pool in the past 20 years is compared. The influencing factors of soil carbon sink were analyzed and the potential of carbon sequestration in farmland was estimated. The structure of soil carbon pool in the study area showed that the soil organic carbon storage (SOCS20,SOCS100 and SOCS180) corresponding to the depth of soil organic carbon (SOCS20,SOCS100) and the depth of 0~180cm (100cm) were 1510.22Tg C 4975.20Tg C and 7902.54Tg C, respectively. The spatial distribution of soil organic carbon density (SOCD) in the study area was analyzed by spatial interpolation method. The results showed that the Longmen Mountain area in the west of Sichuan, the surrounding area of Guiyang, the south of Hunan and the surrounding area of Taihu Lake were higher than those in the southeast of Sichuan. Chongqing and the eastern coastal areas of Jiangsu Province are lower. Dark brown soil, cinnamon soil, brown soil, mountain meadow soil, yellow soil, tidal flat, littoral saline soil, purple soil and irrigated silt were relatively high in each soil type of study area, and grassland SOCD was the highest in each land use type. Next is the woodland, the tidal flat is lowest. The comparison of soil data from the beginning of the 21st century and the 1980s shows that the organic carbon density of other land use types in the study area, except the tidal flat and marshland, is increasing in general. In terms of the total amount of carbon sequestration, the carbon sequestration in forestland and paddy field was relatively large (148.84Tg C and 114.10Tg C, respectively), followed by grassland (22.96Tg C). The soil organic carbon pool accumulated to form soil carbon sink (312.38Tg C) in the study area during 20 years. The SOCD increased significantly in most regions of the study area, especially in the Longmen Mountain region in the west of Chengdu Plain, the south side of Ya'an and the surrounding area of Guiyang, while the Chongqing-Yichang area along the Yangtze River, The Neijiang-Chengdu-Leshan area in the south of Chengdu Plain, Zhenjiang-Gaochun area shows a decreasing trend. The effects of soil physical and chemical properties, land use change, climate change and soil erosion on soil organic carbon were analyzed. Among the influencing factors, the main factors that lead to the increase of soil carbon pool in the study area are the restoration growth of vegetation such as woodland and grassland, the improvement of agricultural cultivation level, and the change of climate are the important reasons leading to the soil carbon source in the study area. However, land use change had little effect on soil carbon pool, soil erosion had no effect on paddy field, but it had obvious effect on dryland. In addition, other factors lead to the increase of 181.07Tg C in soil carbon pool in the study area, the specific reasons need to be further analyzed. The carbon sequestration potential (SOCDP) of farmland soils in the study area was calculated by using the model formula method. The results show that the SOCDP of most farmland soils in Guizhou Province and northern Hunan Province is low, and the environmental conditions are not changed. This region is likely to be a carbon source in the future, while the SOCDP is generally high in Hubei and Anhui provinces, and the potential of carbon sequestration in soils is great. According to the SOCDP of different soil types, yellow soil, swamp soil and purple soil will become carbon sources in the future, while other soil types will become soil carbon sinks in the future. In terms of total carbon sequestration (SOCSP), the SOCSP of yellow brown soil and paddy soil was larger, while the carbon source of yellow soil, swamp soil and purple soil was obvious, so conservation tillage or land use type should be adopted in farmland management measures of this soil type. To slow down the action of carbon source.
【学位授予单位】：中国地质大学(北京)
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：S153.6
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