综合GIS和RS技术应用的咸安区水土流失监测估算分析研究
发布时间：2018-08-25 17:31
【摘要】：水土流失一直以来被认为是威胁人类生存发展及生活环境的三大公害之一,每年全球都有数以千计的人们因水土流失而遭受不同程度的损失。我国已成为世界上水土流失最严重的国家之一,水土流失的发生给国民经济和人民的生活带了诸多灾难,为此对水土流失进行遥感监测具有非常重要的现实意义。咸宁市咸安区是湖北省水土流失较为严重的地区之一,属于湖北省幕阜山水土流失重点治理区,水土流失现象常有发生。本文以咸宁市咸安区作为研究对象,收集研究区内多年降雨数据、土壤分布数据、土地利用现状数据、植被覆盖数据、坡长坡度地形数据、水土保持措施等数据,结合遥感及GIS技术,运用修订的通用水土流失方程、空间分析等方法,构建评价指标体系,定量评估2010年、2014年间土壤侵蚀量和侵蚀强度等级,确定土壤侵蚀强度的分布状况,利用探索性空间分析探寻土壤侵蚀的分布规律及发展趋势。最后根据试验得出的数据以及实地调查的结果,得出相应的结论。结果表明：(1)将RUSLE模型与GIS、RS技术相结合,建立一套从空间数据采集到分析土壤侵蚀状况的完备工作流程和方法,使得定量评价区域内土壤侵蚀的研究过程得以实现,有效提高了区域土壤侵蚀量的计算速度和准确性。该方法能为咸安以及鄂南地区的土壤侵蚀现状调查及研究提供一些参考。(2)通过对综合GIS和RS技术土壤侵蚀状况与仅使用GIS方法土壤侵蚀的对比研究发现,虽然对众多专家学者对不同地区不同地类C因子的值进行修正研究,但是带有强烈的人为主观性,在应用操作时,估算的数值、空间分布差异比较明显。在研究资料和技术准备充分的情况下,综合GIS和RS两种技术方法的研究,使得结果更加可靠。(3)综合GIS与RS技术,计算2010年、2014年土壤侵蚀状况并对其进行分级。研究发现,2010-2014年间,咸安区土壤侵蚀的现状有所好转,微度侵蚀的面积及比例增加,其它5种等级的土壤侵蚀强度所对应的面积及比例均有所减少。(4)在对2010年及2014年的土壤侵蚀状况进行分析的基础上,选取500m*500m的空间尺度,对咸安区土壤侵蚀分布状况进行自相关分析,进一步验证了2010-2014年间,咸安区发生中度及以上土壤侵蚀现象的区域在减少,虽然总体向好,但是东部部分地区土壤侵蚀状况有加剧的倾向。针对咸安区土壤侵蚀的现状,结合不同地区水土保持工作取得的新进展及新方法,提出适合咸安区及鄂南低山丘陵地区防治水土流失的新举措。特别要注意,防止已经治理的水土流失区域“卷土重来”,以及水土保持良好的区域出现恶化的现象。
[Abstract]:Soil erosion has long been regarded as one of the three public hazards that threaten the survival, development and living environment of human beings. Every year, thousands of people in the world suffer different degrees of losses due to soil and water loss. China has become one of the most serious countries of soil and water loss in the world. The occurrence of soil and water loss brings many disasters to the national economy and people's life. Therefore, it is of great practical significance to monitor soil and water loss by remote sensing. Xianning Xianan District is one of the more serious areas of soil and water loss in Hubei Province, which belongs to the key area of soil and water loss in Mufu Mountain, Hubei Province, and the phenomenon of soil and water loss often occurs. This paper takes Xianan District of Xianning City as the research object, collects the data of rainfall, soil distribution, land use, vegetation cover, slope length, soil and water conservation, etc. Combined with remote sensing and GIS technology, the evaluation index system was constructed by using the modified general soil erosion equation and spatial analysis method, and the soil erosion quantity and intensity grade were quantitatively evaluated in 2010 and 2014, and the distribution of soil erosion intensity was determined. To explore the distribution and development trend of soil erosion by exploratory spatial analysis. Finally, according to the data obtained from the experiment and the results of field investigation, the corresponding conclusions are drawn. The results show that: (1) by combining RUSLE model with GIS,RS technology, a set of complete workflow and method from spatial data acquisition to soil erosion analysis are established, which makes the research process of quantitative evaluation of soil erosion within the region possible. The calculation speed and accuracy of regional soil erosion are improved effectively. This method can provide some references for the investigation and study of soil erosion in Xianan and southern Hubei. (2) through the comparative study of comprehensive GIS and RS technology and only using GIS method, it is found that, Although many experts and scholars modify the value of factor C in different regions, there is a strong human subjectivity. In the application of the operation, the estimated value, the spatial distribution of the difference is obvious. Under the condition of sufficient research data and technical preparation, the study of GIS and RS makes the results more reliable. (3) combining GIS and RS techniques, the soil erosion in 2010 and 2014 is calculated and classified. The study found that between 2010 and 2014, the status of soil erosion in Xian'an area improved, and the area and proportion of micro-erosion increased. The corresponding area and proportion of the other five grades of soil erosion intensity have been reduced. (4) based on the analysis of soil erosion in 2010 and 2014, the spatial scale of 500m*500m was selected. The autocorrelation analysis of soil erosion distribution in Xianan District further verifies that the number of areas with moderate or above soil erosion in Xian District is decreasing during the period of 2010-2014, although the overall trend is positive. But soil erosion tends to intensify in parts of the east. According to the present situation of soil erosion in Xian'an area, combined with the new progress and new methods of soil and water conservation in different areas, the paper puts forward some new measures to prevent soil erosion in Xianan district and the low mountain and hilly area of south Hubei Province. Special attention should be paid to the prevention of the "comeback" of soil and water loss areas which have been controlled and the deterioration of areas with good soil and water conservation.
【学位授予单位】：昆明理工大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：S157;S127
本文编号：2203598
[Abstract]:Soil erosion has long been regarded as one of the three public hazards that threaten the survival, development and living environment of human beings. Every year, thousands of people in the world suffer different degrees of losses due to soil and water loss. China has become one of the most serious countries of soil and water loss in the world. The occurrence of soil and water loss brings many disasters to the national economy and people's life. Therefore, it is of great practical significance to monitor soil and water loss by remote sensing. Xianning Xianan District is one of the more serious areas of soil and water loss in Hubei Province, which belongs to the key area of soil and water loss in Mufu Mountain, Hubei Province, and the phenomenon of soil and water loss often occurs. This paper takes Xianan District of Xianning City as the research object, collects the data of rainfall, soil distribution, land use, vegetation cover, slope length, soil and water conservation, etc. Combined with remote sensing and GIS technology, the evaluation index system was constructed by using the modified general soil erosion equation and spatial analysis method, and the soil erosion quantity and intensity grade were quantitatively evaluated in 2010 and 2014, and the distribution of soil erosion intensity was determined. To explore the distribution and development trend of soil erosion by exploratory spatial analysis. Finally, according to the data obtained from the experiment and the results of field investigation, the corresponding conclusions are drawn. The results show that: (1) by combining RUSLE model with GIS,RS technology, a set of complete workflow and method from spatial data acquisition to soil erosion analysis are established, which makes the research process of quantitative evaluation of soil erosion within the region possible. The calculation speed and accuracy of regional soil erosion are improved effectively. This method can provide some references for the investigation and study of soil erosion in Xianan and southern Hubei. (2) through the comparative study of comprehensive GIS and RS technology and only using GIS method, it is found that, Although many experts and scholars modify the value of factor C in different regions, there is a strong human subjectivity. In the application of the operation, the estimated value, the spatial distribution of the difference is obvious. Under the condition of sufficient research data and technical preparation, the study of GIS and RS makes the results more reliable. (3) combining GIS and RS techniques, the soil erosion in 2010 and 2014 is calculated and classified. The study found that between 2010 and 2014, the status of soil erosion in Xian'an area improved, and the area and proportion of micro-erosion increased. The corresponding area and proportion of the other five grades of soil erosion intensity have been reduced. (4) based on the analysis of soil erosion in 2010 and 2014, the spatial scale of 500m*500m was selected. The autocorrelation analysis of soil erosion distribution in Xianan District further verifies that the number of areas with moderate or above soil erosion in Xian District is decreasing during the period of 2010-2014, although the overall trend is positive. But soil erosion tends to intensify in parts of the east. According to the present situation of soil erosion in Xian'an area, combined with the new progress and new methods of soil and water conservation in different areas, the paper puts forward some new measures to prevent soil erosion in Xianan district and the low mountain and hilly area of south Hubei Province. Special attention should be paid to the prevention of the "comeback" of soil and water loss areas which have been controlled and the deterioration of areas with good soil and water conservation.
【学位授予单位】：昆明理工大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：S157;S127
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