长期施肥对黄土高原黄绵土氮肥利用率的影响
发布时间：2018-08-25 18:52
【摘要】：氮肥利用率是确定推荐施氮量和施氮效果评价的关键参数.本文通过黄土高原黄绵土区持续34年(1981—2015年)的长期定位试验,研究了长期不同施肥处理对氮肥当季利用率和累积利用率的影响及氮肥当季利用率与累积利用率的关系.结果表明:除试验起始年(1982)外,不同施肥处理对小麦、油菜和胡麻3种作物氮肥的当季利用率和累积利用率都有显著影响,其中小麦以氮磷钾配施(NPK)处理平均氮肥当季利用率最高,其次为氮磷配施(NP)处理,分别较单施氮肥(N)处理提高了77.7%和62.0%;油菜也以氮磷钾配施(NPK)处理平均氮肥当季利用率最高,其次为有机肥与氮磷钾配施(MNPK)处理,分别较单施氮肥处理提高了93.7%和65.6%.有机肥与氮肥配施(MN)处理氮肥当季利用率较单施氮肥(N)处理显著增加,而有机肥与氮磷配施(MNP)和氮磷钾配施(MNPK)处理氮肥当季利用率较相应氮磷配施(NP)和氮磷钾配施(NPK)处理明显降低.氮肥当季利用率与作物籽粒产量存在显著的线性正相关关系,而累积利用率与作物籽粒产量的相关关系不明显.表明与氮肥累积利用率相比,当季利用率能较及时地反映特定土壤肥力、作物种类、品种和环境条件下的肥料利用率特征.
[Abstract]:Nitrogen use efficiency is the key parameter to determine the recommended amount of nitrogen application and the evaluation of the effect of nitrogen application. In this paper, the effects of long-term fertilization treatments on the seasonal and cumulative utilization efficiency of nitrogen fertilizer and the relationship between the utilization efficiency of nitrogen fertilizer season and the cumulative utilization rate were studied through a long-term positioning experiment in the loess soil area of the Loess Plateau for 34 years (1981-2015). The results showed that, except for the initial year of the experiment (1982), different fertilization treatments had significant effects on the current season and cumulative utilization efficiency of nitrogen fertilizer of wheat, rapeseed and flax crops. The average N use efficiency of wheat treated with N, P and K combined with (NPK) was the highest, followed by N and P combined with (NP), which were 77.7% and 62.0% higher than that of N, P, K and (NPK), respectively, and that of rapeseed with N, P, K and (NPK) was the highest. Secondly, organic fertilizer combined with nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium were treated with (MNPK), which increased by 93.7% and 65.65.65%, respectively, compared with the treatment of single application of nitrogen fertilizer. The utilization efficiency of organic fertilizer combined with nitrogen fertilizer combined with (MN) treatment was significantly higher than that of single nitrogen fertilizer (N) treatment. The utilization efficiency of organic fertilizer combined with nitrogen, phosphorus and (MNP) and nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium combined with (MNPK) was significantly lower than that of the corresponding nitrogen and phosphorus combined application of (NP) and the combination of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium with (NPK). There was a significant linear positive correlation between nitrogen fertilizer utilization efficiency and crop grain yield, but there was no significant correlation between cumulative utilization efficiency and crop grain yield. Compared with the cumulative utilization rate of nitrogen fertilizer, the utilization efficiency of the current season can reflect the characteristics of fertilizer utilization under the specific soil fertility, crop types, varieties and environmental conditions in a more timely manner.
【作者单位】： 中国农业科学院农业环境与可持续发展研究所;甘肃省农业科学院土壤肥料与节水农业研究所;天水市农业科学研究所;
【基金】：国家科技支撑计划项目(2012BAD05B06) 益性行业(农业)科研专项(201203030)资助~~
【分类号】：S147
本文编号：2203792
[Abstract]:Nitrogen use efficiency is the key parameter to determine the recommended amount of nitrogen application and the evaluation of the effect of nitrogen application. In this paper, the effects of long-term fertilization treatments on the seasonal and cumulative utilization efficiency of nitrogen fertilizer and the relationship between the utilization efficiency of nitrogen fertilizer season and the cumulative utilization rate were studied through a long-term positioning experiment in the loess soil area of the Loess Plateau for 34 years (1981-2015). The results showed that, except for the initial year of the experiment (1982), different fertilization treatments had significant effects on the current season and cumulative utilization efficiency of nitrogen fertilizer of wheat, rapeseed and flax crops. The average N use efficiency of wheat treated with N, P and K combined with (NPK) was the highest, followed by N and P combined with (NP), which were 77.7% and 62.0% higher than that of N, P, K and (NPK), respectively, and that of rapeseed with N, P, K and (NPK) was the highest. Secondly, organic fertilizer combined with nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium were treated with (MNPK), which increased by 93.7% and 65.65.65%, respectively, compared with the treatment of single application of nitrogen fertilizer. The utilization efficiency of organic fertilizer combined with nitrogen fertilizer combined with (MN) treatment was significantly higher than that of single nitrogen fertilizer (N) treatment. The utilization efficiency of organic fertilizer combined with nitrogen, phosphorus and (MNP) and nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium combined with (MNPK) was significantly lower than that of the corresponding nitrogen and phosphorus combined application of (NP) and the combination of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium with (NPK). There was a significant linear positive correlation between nitrogen fertilizer utilization efficiency and crop grain yield, but there was no significant correlation between cumulative utilization efficiency and crop grain yield. Compared with the cumulative utilization rate of nitrogen fertilizer, the utilization efficiency of the current season can reflect the characteristics of fertilizer utilization under the specific soil fertility, crop types, varieties and environmental conditions in a more timely manner.
【作者单位】： 中国农业科学院农业环境与可持续发展研究所;甘肃省农业科学院土壤肥料与节水农业研究所;天水市农业科学研究所;
【基金】：国家科技支撑计划项目(2012BAD05B06) 益性行业(农业)科研专项(201203030)资助~~
【分类号】：S147
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