牛粪和中药渣堆肥化过程中水溶有机质特性及细菌结构的研究
发布时间：2018-08-27 10:17
【摘要】：堆肥是一项环境友好型技术,被广泛应用于有机固体废弃物处理。堆肥过程是把易变质的有机质转化为稳定腐殖类物质的生化过程。在这一过程中,会产生一定量的水溶有机质(DOM)。水溶有机质是堆肥总有机质中最具活性的一部分,是能够被微生物直接吸收利用的一类异质性物质,它们在堆肥碳氮转化和营养运输过程中扮演着重要的角色。堆肥是一个利用微生物活动进行生物降解的过程,微生物活性决定了堆肥进程,而堆肥条件又影响了微生物结构。因此,对堆肥过程的理解,需要把握水溶有机质和微生物结构这两个重点。为此,本论文进行了以下研究。以牛粪和中药渣为原料的120天堆肥过程中,元素分析、光谱学分析(包括紫外-可见光谱,红外吸收光谱和热裂解-气相色谱等)和胶体分析等技术被用于堆肥DOM的研究。结果表明,DOM样品中的脂类组分和糖类组分降解迅速,反映了这两者在有机质转化和微生物活动中扮演着活性成分。相反地,作为堆肥DOM的主要成分,芳香族和含氮化合物在堆肥过程中呈现递增趋势。随着芳香度和腐殖化程度的增加,含氮物质和芳香族化合物数量增多,而其他物质诸如烷烃,醇类和脂肪酸类物质逐渐减少。此外,随着堆肥的进程,DOM表现出更稳定的状态并伴随着小分子质量和小分子粒径物质的累积。DOM是堆肥腐熟度和稳定性的一项重要指标。在堆肥有机质转化及微生物活动中,DOM不同组分所表现出的性质和承担的功能不同。利用分馏法技术(fractionation)把DOM分为疏水性的腐殖酸(HA),富里酸(FA)以及亲水性物质(Hi),分析各组分的元素组成,傅里叶变换红外吸收光谱特性,并利用zeta电位分析仪分析其胶体性质。亲水性物质Hi组分相比于HA和FA组分拥有含量较高的含氮物质,更高的饱和程度,以及更容易被氧化的特性。随着堆肥进程,HA和FA组分的芳香化程度越来越高,而Hi组分保持相对稳定的状态。胶体性质分析显示,DOM各组分的平均粒径随着堆肥时间的进行持续减小,Hi组分的zeta电位持续增加则表明其在阳离子吸附中可能具有潜在的应用价值。在堆肥过程中采用IlluminaMiseq测序平台分析,获得堆肥样品中微生物组成,丰度信息及堆肥不同时间点样品间差异的信息。随着堆肥的进程,堆肥样品中微生物的种类增多,多样性逐渐丰富。拟杆菌,厚壁菌和变形菌是整个堆肥过程中物种相对丰度最高的三个菌门,随着堆肥的进行,厚壁菌门(Firmicutes)和变形菌门(Proteobacteria)微生物逐渐减少,而拟杆菌门(Bacteroidetes)和放线菌门(Actinobacteria)微生物逐渐增多,芽单胞菌门(Gemmatimonadetes),绿弯菌门(Chloroflexi)以及异常球菌-栖热菌门(Deinococcus-Thermus)等物种随着堆肥进入腐熟阶段也逐渐活跃起来。由于堆肥高温期对微生物造成的显著影响,导致第Od和第4d的样品之间,第4d和第30d的样品之间存在较大差异。通过PCA分析可以看出,腐熟期始末即第30d和第120 d的样品之间微生物多样性差异较小。
[Abstract]:Composting is an environmentally friendly technology and is widely used in the treatment of organic solid wastes. Composting process is a biochemical process that converts perishable organic matter into stable humic substances. In this process, a certain amount of water-soluble organic matter (DOM) is produced. A class of heterogeneous substances that can be directly absorbed and utilized by microorganisms play an important role in the process of carbon and nitrogen transformation and nutrient transport in composting. Composting is a process of biodegradation by microbial activities. Microbial activities determine the composting process and composting conditions affect the microbial structure. The following studies have been carried out in this paper. During the 120-day composting process using cow manure and Chinese medicine residue as raw materials, techniques such as elemental analysis, spectroscopic analysis (including UV-Vis spectroscopy, infrared absorption spectroscopy and pyrolysis-gas chromatography) and colloid analysis have been used. The results showed that the lipids and carbohydrates in DOM samples degraded rapidly, reflecting that they played an active role in organic matter transformation and microbial activities. With the increase of chemical degree, the amount of nitrogen and aromatic compounds increased, while other substances such as alkanes, alcohols and fatty acids decreased. In addition, DOM showed a more stable state with the accumulation of small molecular weight and small molecular size substances. Indicators: Different components of DOM exhibit different properties and functions in organic matter transformation and microbial activities of compost. DOM is divided into hydrophobic humic acid (HA), fulvic acid (FA) and hydrophilic substance (Hi) by fractionation technique. Elemental composition of each component is analyzed. Fourier transform infrared absorption spectroscopy is characteristic. Compared with HA and FA, the hydrophilic substance Hi has higher nitrogen content, higher saturation and easier oxidation. As the composting process, the aromatization degree of HA and FA components is higher and higher, while the Hi component keeps a relatively stable state. Property analysis showed that the average particle size of DOM components decreased continuously with composting time, while the zeta potential of Hi component increased continuously, which indicated that DOM components might have potential application value in cationic adsorption. Bacteroides, sclerenchyma and Proteobacteria are the three most abundant phyla in the composting process. Firmicutes and Proteobacteria are the most abundant phylum in the composting process. Bacteroidetes and Actinobacteria, Gemmatimonadetes, Chloroflexi, and Deinococcus-Thermus are also active as compost matures. The significant effects on microorganisms resulted in significant differences between Od and 4D samples, between 4D and 30d samples. The PCA analysis showed that there was little difference in microbial diversity between the 30th and 120d samples.
【学位授予单位】：广西大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：S141.4
[Abstract]:Composting is an environmentally friendly technology and is widely used in the treatment of organic solid wastes. Composting process is a biochemical process that converts perishable organic matter into stable humic substances. In this process, a certain amount of water-soluble organic matter (DOM) is produced. A class of heterogeneous substances that can be directly absorbed and utilized by microorganisms play an important role in the process of carbon and nitrogen transformation and nutrient transport in composting. Composting is a process of biodegradation by microbial activities. Microbial activities determine the composting process and composting conditions affect the microbial structure. The following studies have been carried out in this paper. During the 120-day composting process using cow manure and Chinese medicine residue as raw materials, techniques such as elemental analysis, spectroscopic analysis (including UV-Vis spectroscopy, infrared absorption spectroscopy and pyrolysis-gas chromatography) and colloid analysis have been used. The results showed that the lipids and carbohydrates in DOM samples degraded rapidly, reflecting that they played an active role in organic matter transformation and microbial activities. With the increase of chemical degree, the amount of nitrogen and aromatic compounds increased, while other substances such as alkanes, alcohols and fatty acids decreased. In addition, DOM showed a more stable state with the accumulation of small molecular weight and small molecular size substances. Indicators: Different components of DOM exhibit different properties and functions in organic matter transformation and microbial activities of compost. DOM is divided into hydrophobic humic acid (HA), fulvic acid (FA) and hydrophilic substance (Hi) by fractionation technique. Elemental composition of each component is analyzed. Fourier transform infrared absorption spectroscopy is characteristic. Compared with HA and FA, the hydrophilic substance Hi has higher nitrogen content, higher saturation and easier oxidation. As the composting process, the aromatization degree of HA and FA components is higher and higher, while the Hi component keeps a relatively stable state. Property analysis showed that the average particle size of DOM components decreased continuously with composting time, while the zeta potential of Hi component increased continuously, which indicated that DOM components might have potential application value in cationic adsorption. Bacteroides, sclerenchyma and Proteobacteria are the three most abundant phyla in the composting process. Firmicutes and Proteobacteria are the most abundant phylum in the composting process. Bacteroidetes and Actinobacteria, Gemmatimonadetes, Chloroflexi, and Deinococcus-Thermus are also active as compost matures. The significant effects on microorganisms resulted in significant differences between Od and 4D samples, between 4D and 30d samples. The PCA analysis showed that there was little difference in microbial diversity between the 30th and 120d samples.
【学位授予单位】：广西大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：S141.4
【参考文献】
相关期刊论文 前10条
1 张祥永;任静;马彦霞;郁继华;;微生物菌剂对牛粪堆肥中酶活性的影响[J];甘肃农业大学学报;2016年03期
2 牛明杰;郑国砥;朱彦莉;赵馨s，
本文编号：2206980
本文链接：https://www.wllwen.com/kejilunwen/nykj/2206980.html
