江西一季稻花期高温热害发生规律及其对产量的影响

发布时间：2018-08-30 14:12

【摘要】：花期高温热害已成为水稻生产中的一个突出问题。利用江西省18个农业气象观测站近35年(1981—2015年)7月11日至8月10日的气温观测数据,并基于江西省种子管理局2004—2015年一季稻的区域试验资料,研究江西一季稻花期高温热害发生规律及其对产量构成因素的影响。结果表明,近35年来日平均气温和最高气温距平呈现一定的变化规律,其中1981—1992年高低温年交替出现,1993—2002年低温年居多,而2003—2015年高温年居多。近35年(除1997年)来每年均有高温热害发生,平均3.94次。2003年以后高温热害的发生次数和高温持续天数呈增加趋势。7月中旬至8月上旬的日平均气温、最高气温和高温热害天数与结实率相关明显,结实率可作为一季稻花期高温热害鉴定的一个有效指标。
[Abstract]:High temperature heat damage in flowering has become a prominent problem in rice production. Based on the temperature observation data from July 11 to August 10 in 18 agrometeorological observatories in Jiangxi Province from 11 July to 10 August, and based on the regional test data of the first cropping rice of Jiangxi Province from 2004 to 2015, To study the occurrence rule of high temperature heat damage and its effect on yield composition of Jiangxi first cropping rice at flowering stage. The results show that the daily mean air temperature and maximum temperature anomaly in recent 35 years show a certain variation law, in which the high and low temperature years alternately appear in 1981-1992 and the low temperature year in 1993-2002, and the high temperature year in 2003-2015 is the most. In the past 35 years (except 1997), there have been high temperature heat damage every year, with an average of 3.94 times. After 2003, the frequency of high temperature heat damage and the days of high temperature duration showed an increasing trend. The average daily air temperature from mid-July to early August, The highest temperature and the days of high temperature heat damage were significantly related to the seed setting rate, which could be used as an effective index for the identification of high temperature heat damage at flowering stage of rice.
【作者单位】：江西省气象局/江西省气象科学研究所;江西农业大学农学院/作物生理生态与遗传育种教育部重点实验室;
【基金】：国家公益性行业(气象)科研专项(编号:GYHY201406025) 江西省气象局青年人才培养项目(编号:YTTF201603) 中国气象局气候变化专项(编号:CCSF201513)
【分类号】：S42;S511

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