灰渣场水土流失特征的研究
发布时间：2018-08-31 09:27
【摘要】：我国近59%的粉煤灰被贮入灰场,每年因此新增占地面积3.0×103 hm2。灰渣的透水性和透气性极强,保水持水能力低,在降雨条件下会发生流失,影响周边环境。这给灰渣场周边人民群众的生活和健康造成严重干扰,也成为我国建设生态文明社会的制约因素之一。本文开展灰渣场水土流失特征研究,为江西省灰渣植被重建和生态环境恢复提供技术支撑和理论指导,也为我国大面积灰渣场的治理及环境保护积累相关经验和基础数据。本文以江西水土保持生态科技园电厂灰渣裸露小区等4个小区作为研究对象,研究其产流产沙特征及降雨因子的响应。得出以下几个结论:(1)2014年1月~2014年12月期间共159次降雨,总降雨量为1635.3mm,总降雨历时为791.09 h,平均雨强为2.07mm/h,最大I_(30)达到67.2mm/h,累积降雨侵蚀力为7808.69 MJ·mm·/(hm2·h)。7月、暴雨的降雨次数和降雨历时不是最多,但是降雨量最大,对坡面产流产沙的影响也比较大。产流产沙也主要集中在7月份和暴雨。(2)4种处理7月份的产流量最大,从不同降雨等级上来看,暴雨的产流量最大。观测期内的泥沙流失量,从月份上来看,7月产生的泥沙流失量最大;从不同降雨等级上来看,暴雨产生的泥沙流失量最大。(3)径流量随着降雨量、降雨历时、I_(30)、降雨侵蚀力的增加而增加,与降雨量的相关性最高,与降雨历时的相关性最差。径流量与降雨量、I_(30)呈多项式关系,与降雨侵蚀力呈线性关系,与降雨历时现象关系不明显。泥沙流失随着降雨量、降雨历时、I_(30)、降雨侵蚀力、径流量的增加而增加,与降雨量的相关性最高,与降雨历时的相关性最差。泥沙流失量与降雨量、I_(30)及径流呈多项式关系,与降雨侵蚀力呈线性关系,与降雨历时线性关系不明显。(4)第四纪红壤裸露小区的径流量、泥沙流失量、土壤侵蚀量都是最大,而三种灰渣小区的径流量、泥沙流失量、土壤侵蚀量的大小顺序都为电厂灰渣覆土撒播草灌小区电厂灰渣裸露小区电厂灰渣喷播草灌小区。电厂灰渣喷播草灌小区的保水保土效益最好。这与土壤、灰渣的物理性质、有无植被覆盖有关。
[Abstract]:Nearly 59% of the fly ash in China is stored in the ash farm, which adds an area of 3. 0 脳 10 ~ 3 hm2. every year. The water permeability and air permeability of the ash are very strong, the water holding capacity is low, and the loss will occur under the condition of rainfall, which will affect the surrounding environment. This has caused serious disturbance to the life and health of the people around the cinder yard, and has also become one of the restrictive factors in the construction of ecological civilization society in our country. In this paper, the characteristics of soil and water loss in ash and slag fields are studied, which provide technical support and theoretical guidance for the restoration of ash vegetation and ecological environment in Jiangxi Province, and also accumulate relevant experience and basic data for the treatment and environmental protection of large areas of ash and slag farms in China. In this paper, the characteristics of runoff and sediment yield and the response of rainfall factors were studied in 4 districts of Jiangxi Ecological Science and Technology Park Power Plant. The main conclusions are as follows: (1) during the period from January 2014 to December 2014, there were 159 rainfall events, the total rainfall was 1635.3 mm, the total rainfall duration was 791.09 h, the average rainfall intensity was 2.07 mm / h, the maximum I _ (30) was 67.2 mm / h, and the cumulative rainfall erosion was 7808.69 MJ mm / (hm2 h). July). The rainfall frequency and duration of rainstorm are not the most, but the rainfall is the largest, and the influence of rainfall on the runoff and sediment yield on the slope is also greater. The yield of abortive sand was also concentrated in July and rainstorm. (2) the yield and discharge of four treatments were the largest in July, and the runoff of rainstorm was the largest in different rainfall levels. During the observation period, the sediment loss in July is the largest, and in different rainfall levels, the sediment loss caused by rainstorm is the largest. (3) runoff with rainfall, The rainfall duration I _ (30) increased with the increase of rainfall erosivity, the correlation with rainfall was the highest, and the correlation with rainfall duration was the worst. There is a polynomial relationship between runoff and rainfall I _ (30), a linear relationship with rainfall erosivity, and no obvious relationship with rainfall duration. Sediment loss increases with the increase of rainfall, rainfall duration (I _ (30), rainfall erosivity and runoff, and has the highest correlation with rainfall and the worst with rainfall duration. The relationship between sediment loss and rainfall I _ (30) and runoff is polynomial, and there is a linear relationship between sediment loss and rainfall erosivity, but not with rainfall duration. (4) the runoff, sediment loss and soil erosion are the largest in Quaternary red soil bare plot. However, the order of runoff, sediment loss and soil erosion of three kinds of ash plot is that the ash of power plant is sprayed and sprayed. The benefit of water and soil conservation is the best. This is related to the physical properties of soil, ash, and vegetation.
【学位授予单位】：江西农业大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：S157
本文编号：2214578
[Abstract]:Nearly 59% of the fly ash in China is stored in the ash farm, which adds an area of 3. 0 脳 10 ~ 3 hm2. every year. The water permeability and air permeability of the ash are very strong, the water holding capacity is low, and the loss will occur under the condition of rainfall, which will affect the surrounding environment. This has caused serious disturbance to the life and health of the people around the cinder yard, and has also become one of the restrictive factors in the construction of ecological civilization society in our country. In this paper, the characteristics of soil and water loss in ash and slag fields are studied, which provide technical support and theoretical guidance for the restoration of ash vegetation and ecological environment in Jiangxi Province, and also accumulate relevant experience and basic data for the treatment and environmental protection of large areas of ash and slag farms in China. In this paper, the characteristics of runoff and sediment yield and the response of rainfall factors were studied in 4 districts of Jiangxi Ecological Science and Technology Park Power Plant. The main conclusions are as follows: (1) during the period from January 2014 to December 2014, there were 159 rainfall events, the total rainfall was 1635.3 mm, the total rainfall duration was 791.09 h, the average rainfall intensity was 2.07 mm / h, the maximum I _ (30) was 67.2 mm / h, and the cumulative rainfall erosion was 7808.69 MJ mm / (hm2 h). July). The rainfall frequency and duration of rainstorm are not the most, but the rainfall is the largest, and the influence of rainfall on the runoff and sediment yield on the slope is also greater. The yield of abortive sand was also concentrated in July and rainstorm. (2) the yield and discharge of four treatments were the largest in July, and the runoff of rainstorm was the largest in different rainfall levels. During the observation period, the sediment loss in July is the largest, and in different rainfall levels, the sediment loss caused by rainstorm is the largest. (3) runoff with rainfall, The rainfall duration I _ (30) increased with the increase of rainfall erosivity, the correlation with rainfall was the highest, and the correlation with rainfall duration was the worst. There is a polynomial relationship between runoff and rainfall I _ (30), a linear relationship with rainfall erosivity, and no obvious relationship with rainfall duration. Sediment loss increases with the increase of rainfall, rainfall duration (I _ (30), rainfall erosivity and runoff, and has the highest correlation with rainfall and the worst with rainfall duration. The relationship between sediment loss and rainfall I _ (30) and runoff is polynomial, and there is a linear relationship between sediment loss and rainfall erosivity, but not with rainfall duration. (4) the runoff, sediment loss and soil erosion are the largest in Quaternary red soil bare plot. However, the order of runoff, sediment loss and soil erosion of three kinds of ash plot is that the ash of power plant is sprayed and sprayed. The benefit of water and soil conservation is the best. This is related to the physical properties of soil, ash, and vegetation.
【学位授予单位】：江西农业大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：S157
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