种植方式对华北平原典型农田土壤微形态特征的影响

发布时间：2018-09-04 13:06

【摘要】：以华北平原曲周18年长期定位试验的农田土壤为研究对象,利用偏光显微镜观察常规种植、无公害种植和有机种植3种种植方式下的土壤薄片,研究种植方式对土壤微形态特征的影响。结果表明:3种种植方式下的土壤和土壤粗颗粒的矿物组合基本一致,主要由石英和长石组成,但颗粒的形态和粒径有一定差别;有机种植下,土壤表层结构由中度分离的块状和板状结构为主变为团粒结构为主,发育良好的团聚体含量明显增加,土壤容重显著下降,有机质显著增加;表层土壤容重为1.19 g/cm~3,有机质含量为22.67 g/kg,总孔隙度高达32%。常规种植条件下,土壤表层结构以中度分离的块状结构为主,土壤结构较为紧实,发育程度较低;表层土壤容重为1.30 g/cm~3,有机质含量为18.42 g/kg,表层的总孔隙度为30%。无公害种植条件下,土壤表层结构以中度分离的团块状结构和少量的高度分离的粒状结构为主,土壤结构发育程度居于有机种植和常规种植二者之间。因此,有机种植条件下土壤结构疏松,土壤透气性良好,有利于作物生长。
[Abstract]:The soil of cropland of North China Plain was studied by using polarizing microscope to observe the soil flakes under three planting methods: conventional planting, pollution-free planting and organic planting, which had been used for 18 years of long-term locating experiment in North China Plain. The effects of planting patterns on soil micromorphological characteristics were studied. The results showed that the mineral assemblages of coarse particles in soil and soil under different planting methods were basically the same, mainly composed of quartz and feldspar, but the morphology and particle size of particles were different. The surface structure of the soil changed from the moderately separated bulk and plate structure to the aggregate structure, the content of well-developed aggregates increased significantly, the bulk density of soil decreased significantly, and the organic matter increased significantly. The bulk density of surface soil is 1.19 g / cm ~ (-3), the content of organic matter is 22.67 g / kg, and the total porosity is as high as 32g / kg. Under conventional planting conditions, the soil surface structure was mainly a moderately separated block structure, the soil structure was relatively compact and the development degree was low, the bulk density of the surface soil was 1.30 g / cm ~ (-3), the content of organic matter was 18.42 g / kg, and the total porosity of the surface layer was 30%. Under the condition of pollution-free planting, the soil surface structure was mainly composed of moderately separated mass structure and a small amount of highly separated granular structure, and the degree of soil structure development was between organic planting and conventional planting. Therefore, the soil structure is loose and the soil permeability is good under organic planting, which is beneficial to crop growth.
【作者单位】：陕西省土地工程建设集团有限责任公司;中国农业大学资源与环境学院;
【基金】：国家自然科学基金项目(41571317) “十二五”国家科技支撑计划项目(2012BAD14B01) 环保公益性行业科研专项(2013467036) 陕西省重点科技创新团队计划项目(2016KCT-23)
【分类号】：S152.2

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