不同砂石覆盖量对土壤水分及冬小麦生长过程的影响

发布时间：2018-09-06 16:40

【摘要】：为探讨不同砂石覆盖量对土壤水分运动和冬小麦生长的影响,进行了2014—2015年和2015—2016年遮雨棚下4种砂石覆盖量(0,23,46,69kg/m~2)的土箱试验研究。采用精度较高的重力传感器建立小型蒸渗仪观测系统,测定土壤水分动态变化。无麦和有麦情况下砂石覆盖量从0~69kg/m~2的处理名分别记为NW0、NW23、NW46、NW69及W0、W23、W46、W69。结果表明:(1)土壤贮水量随着砂石覆盖量的增加而增大,逐月土壤蒸发量、逐月蒸腾量、累积土壤蒸发量和累积蒸发蒸腾量均随砂石覆盖量的增加而减小。有麦的各处理土壤贮水量整体比无麦的低,有麦的各处理逐月蒸发蒸腾量比无麦的逐月土壤蒸发量高,累积蒸发蒸腾量亦比无麦的累积土壤蒸发量高。无麦情况下,第一、二年度3个覆盖处理比不覆盖处理的累积土壤蒸发量分别减少了11.6%~18.1%和28.5%~47.5%;有麦情况下,累积蒸发蒸腾量分别减少了2.2%~3.7%和0.7%~3.6%。(2)冬小麦的株高、叶面积指数、有效穗数、产量及水分利用效率均随着砂石覆盖量的增加而增大。第一、二年度3个覆盖处理比不覆盖处理的最大株高分别增长了5.3%~17.2%和1.0%~5.8%,最大叶面积指数分别增大了17.9%~74.6%和7.9%~28.2%,产量分别增大了6.6%~14.2%和12.3%~44.6%,水分利用效率分别增大了8.0%~16.2%和15.6%~67.1%。最适宜冬小麦生长的砂石覆盖量为69kg/m~2。进行砂石覆盖能够将冬小麦生长前期增加的土壤储水有效用于生长后期,从而对提高冬小麦产量和水分利用效率做出了重要贡献。
[Abstract]:In order to study the effect of different sand and stone cover on soil moisture movement and winter wheat growth, the soil box tests of four kinds of sand and stone mulch (023236kg / m ~ (-2) under rain shelter from 2014-2015 to 2015-2016 were carried out. The observation system of small scale evapoosmograph was established by gravity sensor with high precision to measure the dynamic change of soil moisture. Under wheat and wheat conditions, the sand and stone coverage was recorded as NW0,NW23,NW46,NW69 and W0W23W46W69 from the treatment of 0~69kg/m~2, respectively. The results showed that: (1) the soil water storage increased with the increase of sand and gravel coverage, and the monthly soil evaporation, monthly transpiration, cumulative soil evaporation and cumulative evapotranspiration decreased with the increase of sand and stone cover. The soil water storage of wheat treatment was lower than that without wheat, and the monthly evaporation of wheat treatment was higher than that of wheat free treatment, and the cumulative evapotranspiration was higher than that of wheat without wheat treatment. In the first and second year, the cumulative soil evaporation of the three mulching treatments was decreased by 11.618. 1% and 28. 57.5% than that of the non-mulching treatments in the first and second year, and the cumulative evapotranspiration decreased by 2. 2% and 0. 7%, respectively. (2) the plant height, leaf area index, leaf area index of winter wheat were decreased by 2. 2% and 0. 7% respectively The number of effective panicles, yield and water use efficiency increased with the increase of sand and stone cover. In the first and second year, the maximum plant height of the three mulching treatments increased by 5.32% and 1.0%, respectively, and the maximum leaf area index increased by 74.6% and 7.9%, respectively. The yield increased by 6.6U 14.2% and 12.34.6. the water use efficiency increased by 8.0% and 15.67.1.The water use efficiency (Wue) was increased by 8.0% and 15.67.1.The maximum leaf area index of the three treatments was higher than that of the non-mulching treatment, and the maximum leaf area index increased by 74.6% and 7.9% and 28.228.2%, respectively, and the water use efficiency increased by 8.0% and 15.67.1respectively. The best sand and stone cover for winter wheat growth is 69 kg / m ~ (2). Sand and stone mulch can effectively use the soil water storage increased in the early stage of winter wheat growth to improve the yield and water use efficiency of winter wheat.
【作者单位】：西北农林科技大学水利与建筑工程学院;西北农林科技大学中国旱区节水农业研究院;教育部农业水土工程重点实验室;
【基金】：国家高技术研究发展计划(863计划)项目(2013AA102904) 陕西省水利科技计划项目(2016slkj-17) 国家外国专家局“111”计划项目(B12007) 中央高校基本科研业务费项目(2452016069)
【分类号】：S152.7;S512.11

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