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模拟氮沉降对小兴安岭地区人工红松林土壤氮转化的影响

发布时间:2018-09-08 06:19
【摘要】:以我国小兴安岭地区凉水国家级自然保护区30年林龄的人工红松林为研究对象,建立对照(0 kg hm~(-2)a~(-1))、低氮(20 kg hm~(-2)a~(-1))、中氮(40 kg hm~(-2)a~(-1))和高氮(80 kg hm~(-2)a~(-1))四种模拟氮沉降水平的样地;采用室内培养试验,研究了短期模拟氮沉降对人工红松林土壤氮净矿化、净硝化速率和氧化亚氮排放的影响。结果表明,与对照处理相比,经过2年的模拟氮沉降处理,土壤的净矿化、净硝化速率都有降低趋势。与对照相比,低氮、中氮、高氮土壤净矿化速率分别降低了16.9%、20.6%和25.2%,土壤净硝化速率分别降低了16.7%、20.9%和25.5%,但是处理间差异没有达到显著水平。净硝化速率与净矿化速率呈显著正相关关系(P0.05),表明净矿化速率降低减少铵态氮供应量可能是氮沉降处理降低净硝化速率重要原因。另外,模拟氮沉降处理导致土壤p H降低也不利于硝化作用。中氮和高氮处理土壤氧化亚氮累积排放量分别比对照高84%和40%,但是差异不显著。高的氮沉降量使硝化过程中氧化亚氮的排放比例增加,可能是中氮和高氮处理下净硝化速率下降而土壤氧化亚氮排放量却增加主要原因。研究结果表明,氮沉降会影响我国小兴安岭地区森林土壤氮矿化和硝化过程,但是由于实验开展观测时间较短,其影响规律还需长期实验验证。
[Abstract]:The artificial Pinus koraiensis forest in Liangshui National Nature Reserve of Xiaoxinganling region of China was used as the research object. Four simulated nitrogen deposition levels (40 kg hm~ (-2) a ~ (-1) and 80 kg hm~ (-2) a ~ (-1) in control (0 kg hm~ (-2) a ~ (-1),) low nitrogen (20 kg hm~ (-2) a ~ (-1),) were established. The effects of simulated nitrogen deposition on nitrogen net mineralization, nitrification rate and nitrous oxide emission in artificial Korean pine forest were studied in laboratory culture experiment. The results showed that the net mineralization and nitrification rate of the soil decreased after 2 years of simulated nitrogen deposition compared with the control treatment. Compared with the control, the net mineralization rate of low nitrogen, middle nitrogen and high nitrogen soils decreased by 16.9% and 25.2%, respectively, and the net nitrification rate of the soil decreased by 16.720. 9% and 25. 5%, respectively, but the difference between the treatments was not significant. There was a significant positive correlation between the net nitrification rate and the net mineralization rate (P0.05), which indicated that the decrease of the net mineralization rate and the reduction of the ammonium nitrogen supply might be the important reasons for the reduction of the net nitrification rate in the nitrogen deposition treatment. In addition, the reduction of pH in soil caused by simulated nitrogen deposition was not conducive to nitrification. The cumulative nitrous oxide emissions of medium and high nitrogen treatments were 84% and 40% higher than that of the control, respectively, but the difference was not significant. The ratio of nitrous oxide emission increased by high nitrogen deposition, which may be the main reason for the decrease of net nitrification rate and the increase of soil nitrous oxide emission under medium and high nitrogen treatments. The results show that nitrogen deposition will affect the process of nitrogen mineralization and nitrification in forest soil in Xiaoxinganling area of China, but the effect of nitrogen deposition on nitrogen mineralization and nitrification in the forest soil of Xiaoxinganling area of China needs to be verified for a long time due to the short observation time.
【作者单位】: 虚拟地理环境教育部重点实验室(南京师范大学);江苏省地理环境演化国家重点实验室培育建设点;江苏省地理信息资源开发与利用协同创新中心;
【基金】:江苏高校优势学科建设工程资助项目(164320H116)资助
【分类号】:S714

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