生物炭与化肥配施对土壤主要物理特性的影响

发布时间：2018-09-09 10:05

【摘要】：以2013~2015年哈尔滨生物炭田间定位试验为研究对象,探索了普通化肥(NPK)、化肥+生物炭1(15.75t·hm~(-2),BC1)、化肥+生物炭2(31.50t·hm~(-2),BC2)、化肥+生物炭3(47.25t·hm~(-2),BC3)对东北黑土区大豆连作下土壤团聚体组成及稳定性指标、水力学性质及孔隙组成的影响。结果表明:(1)整体上看,生物炭施用显著增加了大团聚体含量,增大了团聚体稳定性指标-平均重量直径(MWD)值,同时土壤有效含水量、总孔隙度及有效孔隙均显著增加。(2)各处理优势水稳性团聚体均为0.25~0.50mm,BC1水稳性大团聚体数量增加16%,增幅最大,该处理平均重量直径值最高,为0.75mm;与单施化肥对照相比,生物炭显著降低了其他处理土壤萎蔫含水量(θr),提高土壤有效含水量,但炭量变化对土壤饱和含水量(θs)影响不显著;同时渗透系数平均升高4.3mm·min~(-1)以及土壤饱和含水量平均提高0.12cm~3·cm~(-3)。与NPK相比,BC1处理渗透性最好(提升46%),饱和含水量在48%以上,总孔隙度最高(增加8.8%),团聚体结构表现最稳定,玉米秸秆生物炭在15t·hm~(-2)时土壤物理属性最佳。(3)随着生物炭量继续增加,土壤细颗粒移动至已生成的有效孔隙中,BC2和BC3处理有效孔隙5~30μm,0.1~5μm和0.01~0.1μm不同程度减少,因而有效含水量也减少,总孔隙度降低至50%和51%;各处理团聚体稳定性指数与各粒级粘粒和碳酸钙含量的相关性均可选用一元二次方程表达,BC2和BC3处理由于施炭量增加土壤团聚体凝聚性降低,大团聚体数量减少,造成土壤结构稳定性相对降低。该结论为黑龙江典型黑土区利用农田有机废弃物进行培肥和结构修复提供科学参考,为生物炭在大豆农田系统推荐用量上提供理论借鉴。
[Abstract]:Based on the field location experiment of Harbin Biochar from 2013 to 2015, the composition and stability index of soil aggregates under continuous cropping of soybean in northeast black soil area were studied by using (NPK), chemical fertilizer biochar 1 (15.75t hm~ (-2) BC1), fertiliser biochar 2 (31.50t hm~ (-2) BC2) and fertiliser biochar 3 (47.25t hm~ (-2) BC3). Effects of hydraulic properties and pore composition. The results showed that: (1) on the whole, biochar application significantly increased the content of large aggregates, increased the average weight diameter (MWD) value of aggregate stability index, and also increased the soil available water content. The total porosity and effective porosity were significantly increased. (2) the number of water-stable aggregates in each treatment was 0.25 ~ 0.50mm-1 and BC1 was increased by 16, with the highest average weight diameter of 0.75 mm, compared with the control of chemical fertilizer alone, the average weight diameter of the treatment was the highest (0.75 mm), and that of the treatment was 0.75 mm (P < 0.05). Biochar significantly decreased soil wilting water content (胃 r),) in other treatments, but the change of carbon content had no significant effect on soil saturated water content (胃 s), while permeability coefficient increased 4.3mm min~ (-1) and saturated soil water content increased 0.12cm~3 cm~ (-3) on average. Compared with NPK, BC1 treatment had the best permeability (increase 46%), saturated water content was more than 48%, total porosity was the highest (increase 8.8%), aggregate structure was the most stable, and the soil physical properties of corn straw biochar was the best at 15 t hm~ (-2). (3) with the increase of biochar content, the soil physical properties were the best. The fine particles of soil moved to the active pores of the formed ones, and the available pores of 30 渭 m, 0.1 渭 m and 0.01 渭 m were reduced in different degrees, and the effective water content was also decreased, and the effective water content was also decreased in the treatments of BC2 and BC3. The total porosity decreased to 50% and 51%, and the correlation between the stability index of aggregates and the content of clay and calcium carbonate in each treatment could be expressed by the quadratic equation of one element, which could be used to express that the coacervation of soil aggregates decreased with the increase of the amount of carbon applied. The decrease in the number of large aggregates resulted in a relative decrease in the stability of soil structure. This conclusion provides a scientific reference for the use of organic wastes from farmland in the typical black soil area of Heilongjiang Province for fertilization and structural restoration, and provides a theoretical reference for the recommended amount of biochar in soybean farmland system.
【作者单位】：黑龙江省农业科学院土壤肥料与环境资源研究所/黑龙江省土壤环境与植物营养重点实验室/博士后科研工作站;沈空后勤部克东农副业基地;
【基金】：农业部行业专项项目(201303125,201303095) 黑龙江省农业科学院博士启动金项目(201507-25)
【分类号】：S152

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