地膜残留污染防控技术现状及发展趋势

发布时间：2018-09-10 07:25

【摘要】：地膜已成为我国农业生产的重要物资之一,地膜覆盖已广泛应用到全国,尤其是北方干旱、半干旱和南方的高山冷凉地区,且呈现持续增长的态势,2015年地膜用量达145.5万t,覆盖面积达1 831.8万hm~2。地膜覆盖技术对保障中国食物安全供给做出了重大贡献,但是,随着地膜投入量和使用年限不断增加,大量农膜残留在土壤中,不但严重影响了农业生产的持续进行,而且对农业环境安全与健康构成了巨大威胁。通过分析生物降解地膜替代、一膜两(多)用、机械化地膜回收等地膜残留污染防控关键技术的现状,提出未来应对地膜残留污染的技术措施和策略,为地膜覆盖技术合理应用和残膜污染防控提供科学依据。
[Abstract]:Film mulching has become one of the most important materials in agricultural production in China. Film mulching has been widely used in the whole country, especially in the arid and semi-arid areas in the north and in the cool and alpine regions in the south. In 2015, the amount of plastic film was 1.455 million t, and the coverage area was 18.318 million hm~2.. Film mulching technology has made a great contribution to ensuring food safety supply in China. However, with the increasing of plastic film input and service life, a large amount of agricultural film remains in the soil, which not only seriously affects the sustainable development of agricultural production. Moreover, it poses a great threat to the safety and health of agricultural environment. Based on the analysis of the present situation of the key technologies for preventing and controlling the residual pollution of plastic film, such as the substitution of biodegradable plastic film, the use of one film and two (multi-purpose) films, and mechanized plastic film recovery, the technical measures and strategies to deal with the residual pollution of mulching film in the future are put forward. It provides scientific basis for rational application of plastic film mulching technology and prevention and control of residual film pollution.
【作者单位】：农业部农业生态与资源保护总站;新疆农垦科学院机械装备研究所;中国农业科学院农业环境与可持续发展研究所/农业部农膜残留污染防控重点实验室;
【基金】：中国工程院咨询项目“我国地膜覆盖及残留污染防控战略研究”(2017-XZ-18) 农业部“农业生态环境保护专项”(2110402)~~
【分类号】：X712

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