长期施用有机肥增加黄壤稻田土壤微生物量碳氮

发布时间：2018-09-11 21:19

【摘要】：【目的】微生物量碳、氮是土壤中易于利用的养分库及有机物分解和矿化的动力,与土壤养分循环密切相关,其变化可反映土壤耕作制度和土壤肥力的变化。本研究旨在揭示长期施肥对贵州黄壤稻田土壤微生物生物量碳(SMBC)和土壤微生物生物量氮(SMBN)的影响,并探讨其合理培肥模式。【方法】以贵州黄壤肥力与肥效长期定位监测基地为依托,采用氯仿熏蒸—K2SO4提取法,重点研究不同施肥条件下土壤微生物生物量碳氮的变化及其与全量有机碳氮的关系。试验处理包括不施肥(CK)、单施化肥(NPK)、单施有机肥(M)、低量有机无机肥配施(0.5MNPK)和高量有机无机肥配施(MNPK)。【结果】长期不同施肥处理下,SMBC的变化范围在423.87~695.04 mg/kg之间,SMBN的变化范围在44.36~91.65 mg/kg之间。施用化肥(NPK)和施用有机肥及两者配施(M、0.5MNPK和MNPK)能增加SMBC和SMBN含量,其中MNPK处理较CK处理SMBC含量增幅最高,达64.0%,显著高于NPK和0.5MNPK处理,但与M处理差异不明显;M处理较CK处理SMBN含量增幅最高,达106.6%,显著高于NPK和0.5MNPK处理,但与MNPK处理差异不明显;长期单施化肥(NPK)仅对SMBN含量有显著提高作用(44.1%),对SMBC作用不明显。SOC、TN和微生物熵(q MB)的变化与SMBC一致,均表现为MNPK处理最高,其次为M和0.5MNPK处理,NPK处理最低;所有施肥处理下的SMBC/SMBN无显著性差异且均低于CK处理。【结论】土壤微生物碳、氮量和微生物熵的显著提高均与土壤有机质和全氮的含量变化呈正相关,单施有机肥和高量有机无机肥配施是提高土壤微生物生物量的有效途径。
[Abstract]:[objective] microbial biomass carbon and nitrogen are easy to be used in soil nutrient pool, decomposition and mineralization of organic matter, closely related to soil nutrient cycling, its changes can reflect the change of soil tillage system and soil fertility. The purpose of this study was to reveal the effects of long-term fertilization on microbial biomass carbon (SMBC) and microbial biomass nitrogen (SMBN) in paddy soil of yellow soil in Guizhou Province. Based on the long-term monitoring base of fertility and fertilizer efficiency of yellow soil in Guizhou Province, chloroform fumigation-K _ 2SO _ 4 extraction method was used. The change of soil microbial biomass carbon and nitrogen and its relationship with total organic carbon and nitrogen under different fertilization conditions were studied. The results showed that the variation range of (CK), was from 423.87 to 695.04 mg/kg under the combination of low organic inorganic fertilizer (0.5MNPK) and high organic inorganic fertilizer (MNPK).) under the condition of no fertilization, (CK), chemical fertilizer, (NPK), organic fertilizer, and organic inorganic fertilizer. [results] the variation range of SMBN was from 423.87 to 695.04 mg/kg. The range is between 44.36 and 91.65 mg/kg. The contents of SMBC and SMBN were increased by applying chemical fertilizer (NPK) and organic fertilizer (MN 0.5 MNPK and MNPK). The SMBC content of MNPK treatment was the highest than that of CK treatment, which was significantly higher than that of NPK and 0.5MNPK treatments. However, there was no significant difference between M treatment and M treatment, and the increase of SMBN content in M treatment was the highest than that in CK treatment, reaching 106.6, which was significantly higher than that in NPK and 0.5MNPK treatment, but there was no significant difference between M treatment and MNPK treatment. The long-term application of chemical fertilizer (NPK) only increased the content of SMBN significantly (44.1%). The changes of TN and microbial entropy (q MB) on SMBC were the same as that of SMBC, which were the highest in MNPK treatment, followed by M and 0.5MNPK treatments. There was no significant difference in SMBC/SMBN between all fertilization treatments and was lower than that in CK treatment. [conclusion] the significant increase of soil microbial carbon, nitrogen content and microbial entropy was positively correlated with the changes of soil organic matter and total nitrogen content. The combination of organic fertilizer and high amount of organic and inorganic fertilizer is an effective way to improve soil microbial biomass.
【作者单位】：贵州大学农学院;贵州大学烟草学院/贵州烟草品质研究重点实验室;农业部贵州耕地保育与农业环境科学观测实验站;
【基金】：国家自然科学基金项目(31360503,41361064) 贵州大学研究生创新基金(研农2017017) 贵州省农业科学院自主创新专项(黔农科院自主创新专项2014007号) 贵州省科技计划项目(黔科合NY字[2012]3082号,黔科平台[2013]4002号) 贵州省联合基金(黔科合LH字[2015]7079号)资助
【分类号】：S154.3

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