生物炭对土壤功能微生物的影响研究

发布时间：2018-09-14 14:59

【摘要】：生物炭是将废弃的生物质,如秸秆,稻壳等,通过不完全燃烧,在一定的裂解温度下烧制而成。生物炭因具有多孔结构和较大的比表面积能够为许多土壤微生物的生长、繁殖提供有利的条件。这对于一些土壤微生物来说,意义尤其重要。特别是具有溶磷、解钾、固氮等功能的微生物,生物炭通过促进该类微生物的生长及活性,从而间接提高作物产量,这在农业领域,有着广阔的应用前景。本文研究了秸秆生物炭分别对13种不同的土壤功能微生物的影响。包括生长和吸附等方面的内容。其中的一株慢生性大豆根瘤菌为研究者从大豆根部筛选所得。此外,还具体研究了生物炭对一株具有解钾特性的胶质芽孢杆菌1.153的影响。包括不同种类生物炭对胶质芽孢杆菌1.153生长及吸附的影响,并进一步研究秸秆生物炭对该菌生长、死亡、活性及传代的影响,以及水洗、酸洗、碱洗、有机溶剂(丙酮)洗后的炭和洗液对该菌生长的影响。实验结果表明,生物炭对大多数细菌有生长促进作用,并且能吸附某些细菌。不同的生物炭对胶质芽孢杆菌1.153的生长及吸附效果也不尽相同。竹片炭和稻壳炭对该菌的吸附效果最好,秸秆炭对该菌的生长促进作用最明显,并能提高其解钾活性。经过酸、碱、有机溶剂等处理过的秸秆炭和洗液也能促进胶质芽孢杆菌的生长,但均不如处理前的秸秆炭。另外在秸秆炭存在的条件下,能大大减慢胶质芽孢杆菌1.153的死亡速率。吸附到秸秆炭里面的菌释放出来后,生长明显优于吸附前,但继续传代,效果则不明显。
[Abstract]:Biochar is a kind of waste biomass, such as straw, rice husk, which is fired at a certain pyrolysis temperature by incomplete combustion. Because of its porous structure and large specific surface area, biochar can provide favorable conditions for the growth and reproduction of many soil microorganisms. This is particularly important for some soil microbes. Especially for the microorganisms with the functions of dissolving phosphorus, potassium and fixing nitrogen, biochar can indirectly increase crop yield by promoting the growth and activity of this kind of microorganism, which has a broad application prospect in the field of agriculture. The effects of straw biochar on 13 different soil functional microorganisms were studied in this paper. Including growth and adsorption and other aspects of the content. One of the slow-growing soybean rhizobia was screened from soybean roots. In addition, the effect of biochar on a strain of Bacillus glia 1.153 with potassium hydrolysis was also studied. Including the effects of different kinds of biochar on the growth and adsorption of Bacillus glia 1.153, and to further study the effects of straw biochar on the growth, death, activity and passage of Bacillus glia, as well as the effects of water washing, acid pickling, alkali washing, Effects of organic solvent (acetone) washed carbon and solution on the growth of the bacterium. The results show that biochar can promote the growth of most bacteria and adsorb some bacteria. The growth and adsorption effects of different biochar on Bacillus glia 1.153 were also different. Bamboo charcoal and rice husk charcoal had the best adsorption effect on the bacteria, and straw charcoal had the most obvious promoting effect on the growth of the bacterium, and could improve its potassium hydrolysis activity. Straw charcoal and lotion treated with acid, alkali and organic solvent could also promote the growth of Bacillus glia, but they were not as good as those before treatment. In addition, in the presence of straw charcoal, the death rate of Bacillus glia 1.153 could be greatly reduced. The growth of bacteria adsorbed into straw charcoal was better than that before adsorption, but the effect was not obvious.
【学位授予单位】：大连工业大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：S154.3

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