不同微生物菌剂对参后地土壤理化性质及酶活性的影响
发布时间：2018-09-17 18:51
【摘要】：人参是我国名贵中药材,主产于我国吉林省地区,因其忌地性极强,栽过一次人参的土壤要经过几年甚至十几年才能再栽参,否则会导致人参腐烂,这已成为参业发展的限制因子。因此,改良参后地土壤质量使其可供给人参连续生长,已成为我国科研工作者十分关注的问题。本试验利用生物防治手段,通过对参后地土壤施加微生物菌剂的方法,来改良老参地土壤的质量,提高土壤肥力,为解决人参的连作障碍问题提供一定的理论依据和基础数据。试验共用4种不同的微生物菌剂:益生元重茬剂(A)、哈茨木霉菌剂(B)、“5406”菌剂(C)和多粘芽孢杆菌菌剂(D),每种微生物菌剂设3个浓度梯度,另设CK对照组,各处理重复3次,共设39个处理小区,对各小区土壤进行容重、pH、电导率、有机质、速效NPK、蔗糖酶、过氧化氢酶、脲酶、磷酸酶以及微生物群落多样性等多项指标的测定,结合菌剂处理下各小区的人参产量,比较分析结果,筛选出对改良参后地土壤肥力水平较佳的菌剂及其浓度。实验结果如下:物理性状方面:各菌剂对参后地土壤的容重及总孔隙度有一定的影响,但处理间差异不显著,表明微生物菌剂对容重及总孔隙度的改善无明显效果。化学性质方面:四种菌剂均能有效的提高土壤pH值,缓解土壤酸化状况,但各菌剂随浓度变化增长趋势不一,菌剂A和菌剂C随浓度的增长,pH值呈“∧”型变化趋势,均是中浓度效果最佳,菌剂B和D变化趋势则与之相反,随着浓度的增加,pH值呈“V”字型变化趋势,菌剂B是低浓度处理效果好,而菌剂D则是高浓度效果佳,4种菌剂相比较,对参后地土壤pH值提升最大,处理效果最好的是D3处理组;对电导率的影响效果,菌剂A、C、D均是随着浓度的升高,电导率呈“V”字型变化趋势,其中A菌剂是高浓度A3的电导率最强,而另两者均是低浓度的效果最好,菌剂B随浓度的增大电导率呈“∧”型变化趋势,中浓度B2的处理效果最好;每种菌剂均能显著增加土壤中有机质的含量,但整体效果菌剂A和菌剂B较佳,浓度变化规律分别为A2A1A3,B2B1B3;各菌剂的浓度处理间对3种速效养分的影响差异较显著,除菌剂C外,另3种菌剂均可以提高参后地土壤中碱解氮的含量,其中效果最好的是B2和A3处理组,四种菌剂均减少了土壤中速效磷的含量,但随着浓度的增加,菌剂B和菌剂C中速效磷的含量逐渐增多,C3处理组的含量最接近CK,这与其所含微生物是解磷细菌有关,各菌剂的各浓度处理均可显著增加速效钾的含量,其中效果最佳的是A3和C1处理组。土壤酶活性方面:四种菌剂均可显著增强土壤蔗糖酶活性,但除了菌剂C,另3种菌剂均出现了高浓度抑制现象,均是中浓度效果较佳,菌剂C是随着浓度的增大,酶活性逐渐增强,对蔗糖酶活性影响最佳的是菌剂B的中低浓度处理。各菌剂均可增强过氧化氢酶的活性,但菌剂A的中浓度A2和菌剂B的低浓度B1影响效果最佳。四种菌剂也均可增强脲酶的活性,与其对过氧化氢酶活性的影响相似,同样是B1和A2的效果最佳。四种菌剂对磷酸酶活性影响较为显著,均可显著增加其含量,其中处理效果最好的是C3和B1处理组,菌剂C是随着浓度的升高,效果逐渐加强,而菌剂B变化规律与其相反,随浓度升高,酶活性受到抑制。综合4种菌剂对上述指标的影响效果来看,400 g/m2的益生元重茬剂(A)和5 g/m2的哈茨木霉菌剂(B)的施入量对参后地土壤改良的效果最佳。
[Abstract]:Ginseng is a precious Chinese herbal medicine in China. It is mainly produced in Jilin Province of China. Because of its strong soil taboo, it takes several years or even more to plant ginseng once, otherwise it will cause the rot of ginseng, which has become a limiting factor for the development of ginseng industry. Therefore, improving the soil quality of ginseng after planting makes it possible for ginseng to grow continuously. In this experiment, the soil quality of old ginseng field was improved and the soil fertility was improved by applying microbial agents to the soil behind ginseng, which provided theoretical basis and basic data for solving the problem of continuous cropping obstacles of ginseng. Microbial agents: probiotic stubble agent (A), Trichoderma harzianum agent (B), microbial agent (C) 5406 and Bacillus polymyxa agent (D), each microbial agent set up three concentration gradients, another CK control group, each treatment repeated three times, a total of 39 treatment plots, soil bulk density, pH, electrical conductivity, organic matter, quick-acting NPK, sucrase, catalase, Urease, phosphatase, microbial community diversity and other indicators, combined with the ginseng yield of each plot under the treatment of microbial agents, comparative analysis results, screened for the improvement of soil fertility after ginseng better microbial agents and their concentrations. Chemical properties: the four microbial agents can effectively improve soil pH value and alleviate soil acidification, but the growth trend of each microbial agent is different with the concentration, bacterial agent A and microbial agent C with the concentration of the growth, pH value showed " The change trend of 87 The effect of bacterial agent A, C and D on the conductivity showed a V-shaped trend with the increase of concentration. Among them, bacterial agent A had the strongest conductivity with high concentration of A3, while the other two had the best effect with low concentration. The conductivity of bacterial agent B showed a -shaped trend with the increase of concentration, and the treatment effect with medium concentration of B2 was the best. Each microbial agent can significantly increase the content of organic matter in the soil, but the overall effect of microbial agent A and B is better, the concentration change law is A2A1A3, B2B1B3, respectively; the concentration of each microbial agent on three kinds of available nutrients were significantly different, in addition to microbial agent C, the other three microbial agents can increase the content of alkali-hydrolyzable nitrogen in the soil after the ginseng, which is effective. The best treatments were B2 and A3. All the four microbial agents reduced the content of available phosphorus in soil. However, with the increase of concentration, the content of available phosphorus in B and C increased gradually, and the content of available phosphorus in C3 was the closest to CK. This was related to the fact that the microorganism contained in B2 and A3 was a Phosphorus-releasing bacteria. Among them, A3 and C 1 treatments had the best effect. As for soil enzyme activity, all the four microbial agents could significantly enhance soil invertase activity, but all the other three microbial agents had high concentration inhibition except microbial agent C. The effect of medium concentration was better. Microbial agent C had the best effect on soil invertase activity with the increase of concentration and enzymatic activity. It is the medium and low concentration treatment of bacterial agent B. Each agent can enhance the activity of catalase, but the medium concentration A2 of bacterial agent A and the low concentration B1 of bacterial agent B have the best effect. The effect of C3 and B1 treatment was the best, and the effect of bacterial agent C was gradually strengthened with the increase of concentration, while the change rule of bacterial agent B was contrary to that of bacterial agent B. Enzyme activity was inhibited with the increase of concentration. And the dosage of 5 g/m2 of Trichoderma Trichoderma (B) had the best effect on soil improvement.
【学位授予单位】：吉林农业大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：S567.51;S158
本文编号：2246795
[Abstract]:Ginseng is a precious Chinese herbal medicine in China. It is mainly produced in Jilin Province of China. Because of its strong soil taboo, it takes several years or even more to plant ginseng once, otherwise it will cause the rot of ginseng, which has become a limiting factor for the development of ginseng industry. Therefore, improving the soil quality of ginseng after planting makes it possible for ginseng to grow continuously. In this experiment, the soil quality of old ginseng field was improved and the soil fertility was improved by applying microbial agents to the soil behind ginseng, which provided theoretical basis and basic data for solving the problem of continuous cropping obstacles of ginseng. Microbial agents: probiotic stubble agent (A), Trichoderma harzianum agent (B), microbial agent (C) 5406 and Bacillus polymyxa agent (D), each microbial agent set up three concentration gradients, another CK control group, each treatment repeated three times, a total of 39 treatment plots, soil bulk density, pH, electrical conductivity, organic matter, quick-acting NPK, sucrase, catalase, Urease, phosphatase, microbial community diversity and other indicators, combined with the ginseng yield of each plot under the treatment of microbial agents, comparative analysis results, screened for the improvement of soil fertility after ginseng better microbial agents and their concentrations. Chemical properties: the four microbial agents can effectively improve soil pH value and alleviate soil acidification, but the growth trend of each microbial agent is different with the concentration, bacterial agent A and microbial agent C with the concentration of the growth, pH value showed " The change trend of 87 The effect of bacterial agent A, C and D on the conductivity showed a V-shaped trend with the increase of concentration. Among them, bacterial agent A had the strongest conductivity with high concentration of A3, while the other two had the best effect with low concentration. The conductivity of bacterial agent B showed a -shaped trend with the increase of concentration, and the treatment effect with medium concentration of B2 was the best. Each microbial agent can significantly increase the content of organic matter in the soil, but the overall effect of microbial agent A and B is better, the concentration change law is A2A1A3, B2B1B3, respectively; the concentration of each microbial agent on three kinds of available nutrients were significantly different, in addition to microbial agent C, the other three microbial agents can increase the content of alkali-hydrolyzable nitrogen in the soil after the ginseng, which is effective. The best treatments were B2 and A3. All the four microbial agents reduced the content of available phosphorus in soil. However, with the increase of concentration, the content of available phosphorus in B and C increased gradually, and the content of available phosphorus in C3 was the closest to CK. This was related to the fact that the microorganism contained in B2 and A3 was a Phosphorus-releasing bacteria. Among them, A3 and C 1 treatments had the best effect. As for soil enzyme activity, all the four microbial agents could significantly enhance soil invertase activity, but all the other three microbial agents had high concentration inhibition except microbial agent C. The effect of medium concentration was better. Microbial agent C had the best effect on soil invertase activity with the increase of concentration and enzymatic activity. It is the medium and low concentration treatment of bacterial agent B. Each agent can enhance the activity of catalase, but the medium concentration A2 of bacterial agent A and the low concentration B1 of bacterial agent B have the best effect. The effect of C3 and B1 treatment was the best, and the effect of bacterial agent C was gradually strengthened with the increase of concentration, while the change rule of bacterial agent B was contrary to that of bacterial agent B. Enzyme activity was inhibited with the increase of concentration. And the dosage of 5 g/m2 of Trichoderma Trichoderma (B) had the best effect on soil improvement.
【学位授予单位】：吉林农业大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：S567.51;S158
【参考文献】
相关期刊论文 前1条
1 刘连妹;钱雯霞;屈海泳;;哈茨木霉孢子悬浮液对番茄幼苗生长及抗氧化酶活性的影响[J];江苏农业科学;2007年04期
，本文编号：2246795
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