集中水流下土石混合崩积体坡面侵蚀水动力特征试验研究

发布时间：2018-09-18 09:03

【摘要】：为了探究土石混合崩积体坡面侵蚀的水动力学机理,采用室内放水冲刷试验,研究了不同流量(2,4,8,16L/min)和坡度(10°,20°,30°,40°)条件下4种土石混合崩积体(0,20%,40%,60%砾石质量百分数)坡面侵蚀的水动力学特征。结果表明:(1)在小坡度和小流量条件下,侵蚀率随砾石含量的增大而减小;当流量或者坡度增大时,侵蚀率随砾石含量的增加呈先减小后增大的规律;各土石混合物侵蚀率均能用坡度和流量的二元幂函数来表达。(2)水流剪切力、水流功率和单位水流功率与侵蚀率均呈线性函数关系,其中水流功率和水流剪切力可优先作为模拟土石混合崩积体坡面侵蚀的水动力学参数。(3)可蚀性参数及临界侵蚀动力随着砾石含量的增加而增加。研究结果可为进一步深化认识崩积体侵蚀机理提供参考。
[Abstract]:In order to study the hydrodynamic mechanism of slope erosion of soil-rock mixed caving body, the indoor water flushing test was carried out. The hydrodynamic characteristics of erosion on the slope of four mixed soil-rock aggregates (0 ~ 20% and 40% gravel mass) were studied under the conditions of different flow rate (2 ~ 4 ~ 816 L / min) and slope (10 掳~ 20 掳~ 30 掳~ 40 掳~ 40 掳~ 40 掳~ 40 掳~ 40 掳~ 40 掳~ 40 掳/ min). The results show that: (1) under the condition of small slope and small flow rate, the erosion rate decreases with the increase of gravel content, and then increases with the increase of flow rate or slope. The erosion rate of each mixture of soil and rock can be expressed by the binary power function of slope and flow. (2) the shear force, flow power and unit flow power of flow are all linear functions. The flow power and shear stress can be used as hydrodynamic parameters to simulate the slope erosion of soil-rock mixed avalanche. (3) the erodibility parameter and critical erosion force increase with the increase of gravel content. The results can provide a reference for further understanding the erosion mechanism of avalanche.
【作者单位】：福建农林大学资源与环境学院福建省土壤环境健康与调控重点实验室;中国科学院城市环境研究所;
【基金】：国家科技支撑计划项目(2014BAD15B0303) 国家自然科学基金项目(41571272)
【分类号】：S157.1

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