三种外来菊科植物入侵对AM真菌群落多样性的影响及其互作反馈

发布时间：2018-09-18 11:29

【摘要】：菊科入侵植物在我国入侵植物中所占种数最多,黄顶菊、豚草和三叶鬼针草是危害较为严重的外来入侵物种。近年来菊科入侵植物在我国迅速蔓延,对生态系统结构及生物多样性构成了巨大威胁。本文通过同质园试验与温室盆栽试验,研究了黄顶菊、豚草和三叶鬼针草入侵对土壤AM真菌多样性的影响,及其对三种入侵菊科植物与狗尾草竞争生长的影响,同时又以黄顶菊根内及土壤中的优势种作为菌剂研究两种不同AM真菌在黄顶菊与狗尾草竞争生长中所起的反馈作用,揭示三种入侵菊科植物与AM真菌的互作关系。结果表明三种菊科植物的入侵显著增加了AM真菌的物种丰度和Shannon-Weiner指数,入侵植物形成单一优势群落后黄顶菊、豚草和三叶鬼针草根际土壤中AM真菌的物种丰度相和Shannon-Weiner指数都有所降低。随着三种植物的入侵土壤中AM真菌优势种也发生变化,本地植物狗尾草土壤中AM真菌的优势种孢子密度降低,随着入侵程度的加剧Glomus perpusillum、Glomus iranicum、Glomus iranicum分别成为黄顶菊、豚草和三叶鬼针草新的优势种。通过AM真菌对三种入侵菊科植物的反馈试验,发现AM真菌能够降低共生对黄顶菊的抑制作用,同时增加与狗尾草竞争生长的黄顶菊植株N、P含量和叶片的光合养分利用率,降低叶片中丙二醛含量,增加了SOD、CAT和APX的活性。AM真菌增加了共生对豚草和三叶鬼针草的促进作用,增加了竞争生长中两种入侵植物的N、P含量,叶片的光合养分利用率,同时降低了丙二醛含量,增加了APX的活性。两种优势AM真菌都能促进黄顶菊的竞争生长,增加黄顶菊植株N、P、K吸收和光合养分利用率。总之,AM真菌能在一定程度上增加三种入侵菊科植物的竞争能力,因而该研究将为外来植物入侵机制的土壤微生物假说提供新的理论依据。
[Abstract]:The invasive plants of Compositae occupy the largest number of invasive plants in China. In recent years, the invasive plants of Compositae have spread rapidly in China, which poses a great threat to ecosystem structure and biodiversity. In this paper, the effects of invasion of Chrysanthemum chinensis, ragweed and Phanacia chinensis on the diversity of soil AM fungi and the competitive growth of three invasive plants of Compositae and Sargassum were studied by means of homogeneity orchard experiment and greenhouse pot experiment. At the same time, the dominant species in root and soil were used as fungicides to study the feedback effect of two different AM fungi on the competitive growth of Chrysanthemum davidifolia and Herba chinensis, and to reveal the interaction between the three invasive plants of Compositae and AM fungi. The results showed that the invasion of three species of Compositae significantly increased the species abundance and Shannon-Weiner index of AM fungi, and the invading plants formed a single dominant group. The species abundance phase and Shannon-Weiner index of AM fungi in rhizosphere soil of ragweed and Herba clover decreased. With the change of dominant species of AM fungi in the invasive soil of three plants, the spore density of dominant species of AM fungi decreased in the soil of the native plant, and with the increase of invasion degree, Glomus perpusillum,Glomus iranicum,Glomus iranicum became yellow daidzee, respectively. New dominant species of ragweed and Hypoderma trifoliata. Through the feedback test of AM fungi on three invasive plants of Compositae, it was found that AM fungi could reduce the inhibitory effect of symbiosis on chrysanthemum, and increase the content of AM P and the photosynthetic nutrient utilization efficiency of leaves. Decreased the content of malondialdehyde in leaves, increased the activity of SOD,CAT and APX. AM fungi increased the symbiotic effect on ragweed and Phanacia chinensis, increased the content of NbP in the two invasive plants in competitive growth, and increased the photosynthetic nutrient utilization efficiency of leaves. At the same time, the content of malondialdehyde decreased and the activity of APX increased. The two dominant AM fungi could promote the competitive growth and increase the uptake and photosynthetic nutrient utilization efficiency of the plant. In a word, AM fungi can increase the competitive ability of three invasive plants in Compositae to a certain extent, so this study will provide a new theoretical basis for the hypothesis of soil microorganism in invasive mechanism of exotic plants.
【学位授予单位】：河北科技师范学院
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：S45;S154.3

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