长白山高山苔原土理化性质空间差异性分析

发布时间：2018-09-18 22:04

【摘要】：长白山苔原带是我国最典型的苔原景观,具有重要的地理与生态价值,在全球变暖的背景下,为响应气候变化的敏感区域。对高山苔原土理化性质空间差异性的研究,可以作为深入了解苔原带生态系统响应气候变化的基础。根据近年来苔原带植被变化及土壤演化现状,本文提出以下假设:沿海拔、坡度、坡向等环境变化梯度,土壤理化性质应表现出明显的上升或下降趋势;不同植物建群种下的土壤理化性质差异性较大;土壤理化性质各指标之间存在相关性;苔原土理化性质空间差异性的主要影响因子是海拔和植物建群种。为此在海拔2046 m-2270 m之间建立一个1650 m×100 m见方的大样地,以长白山高山苔原土为研究对象,在此大样地内均匀的选定132个1×1m的控制性样方,进行调查和取样,并进行土壤理化性质分析,拟通过对数据的分析验证假设,结果显示:(1)高山苔原土理化性质随环境因子变化趋势。随着海拔升高有机质、TN呈上升趋势,p H值呈下降趋势,苔原土的有机质、p H、TN对海拔的变化比较敏感;随着坡度的增大有机质、土壤深度和C/N呈不同程度的下降趋势,苔原土的有机质、土壤深度和C/N对坡度的变化比较敏感;随坡向的变化土壤深度、速效K、TN和有机质含量呈不同程度的上升趋势,苔原土的土壤深度、速效K、TN和有机质含量对坡向的变化比较敏感;随着植物建群种变化C/N、速效N和TN含量呈不同程度的上升趋势,土壤深度呈下降趋势,苔原土的土壤深度、C/N、速效N和TN含量对植物建群种的变化比较敏感。(2)高山苔原土理化性质相关性及其环境影响因子分析。TN与速效N、速效P、速效K、C/N相关性显著;TP与K、速效P、速效K、土壤深度相关性显著。对有机质影响较大的是坡度和植物建群种;对TN影响较大的是植物建群种和海拔;对速效K含量影响较大的是坡向;对土壤深度影响较大的是坡度和坡向。总的研究表明,苔原土理化性质随着环境因子呈现不同程度的变化,而环境因子对苔原土理化性质的影响程度也各不相同。本文的研究结果可以为土壤的空间分析研究提供科学依据,对解释苔原土变化的驱动机制有重要意义。
[Abstract]:Changbai Mountain Tundra Zone is the most typical tundra landscape in China, which has important geographic and ecological value. Under the background of global warming, it is a sensitive area to respond to climate change. In this paper, the following hypotheses are put forward: the soil physical and chemical properties should show an obvious upward or downward trend in the gradient of environmental changes such as coastal elevation, slope, and slope direction; the soil physical and chemical properties under different plant groups are quite different; the soil physical and chemical properties are correlated with each other; the soil physical and chemical properties of tundra soil are correlated. The main factors affecting the spatial variability of soil properties are altitude and plant population. Therefore, a large sample plot of 1 650 m The results show that: (1) the physical and chemical properties of alpine tundra soil change with environmental factors. TN increases with elevation, and P H value decreases. The organic matter, P H and TN of tundra soil are more sensitive to elevation, and the soil depth and C/TN are more sensitive to the increase of slope. Soil organic matter, soil depth and C/N were sensitive to slope gradient, soil depth, available K, TN and organic matter content increased with slope gradient, while soil depth, available K, TN and organic matter content were sensitive to slope gradient. The soil depth, C/N, available N and TN contents in tundra soil were sensitive to the changes of plant population. (2) Correlation between physical and chemical properties of alpine tundra soil and its environmental impact factors. Soil depth was significantly correlated with available P and K. Slope and plant species had a greater impact on organic matter, plant species and altitude had a greater impact on TN, slope aspect had a greater impact on available K content, and slope degree and slope aspect had a greater impact on soil depth. The results of this study can provide a scientific basis for soil spatial analysis and explain the driving mechanism of the change of tundra soil.
【学位授予单位】：东北师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：Q948;S153

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