基于遗传算法的水土保持措施空间优化配置

发布时间：2018-10-05 17:45

【摘要】：福建省红壤区由于地形起伏较大,土壤结构松散,抗蚀性能力差,加之降雨集中,多台风暴雨,使得该地区水土流失严重。为实现水土保持目的,经过长期的研究与实践,目前已形成了很多行之有效的水土保持措施。然而,在措施实施过程中会存在着限制条件多、配置不合理以及措施产生的效益达不到期望等问题。如何在有限的水土保持投资下,将不同类型的水土保持措施合理地空间配置以期充分发挥生态、经济、社会等综合效益,已成为当前研究热点。水土保持措施的空间优化配置涉及多目标优化,选择合理可行的求解多目标优化问题的方法已成为研究重点。本文以福建省红壤区土壤侵蚀严重的长汀县为研究区,从水土保持措施空间布局适宜度以及产生的经济效益、生态效益角度出发,构建了水土保持措施空间配置优化模型,采用带精英策略的快速非支配排序遗传算法(NSGA-II)进行模型的求解;筛选出最佳水土保持措施空间优化配置方案,并结合2013-2015年水土流失实际治理情况进行了对比分析。最终提出了一套适用于研究区的水土保持措施空间优化配置方案,并为政府治理水土流失提供决策依据。论文的具体研究内容及工作成果如下:(1)收集整理了水土保持措施空间优化配置研究所需要的数据,并简要介绍了指标的选取以及数据的处理方法。(2)完成了水土保持措施空间分布格局特征尺度的识别和影响因子的多尺度分析。结果表明:利用标准化回归系数衡量,水土保持措施空间布局影响因子在不同作用范围及不同规模尺度上,对水土保持措施空间布局的影响是不同的。(3)完成了不同类型水土保持措施的适宜性评价。根据不同的治理目标,分别进行两套水土保持措施适宜性评价指标体系的构建;进行不同类型水土保持措施的适宜性评价,划分不同适宜性等级,并统计各个等级的水土保持措施面积及分布情况。(4)实现了水土保持措施空间布局的优化配置。以投入成本最小化、生态效益最大化以及适宜度最大化为目标函数,构建了水土保持措施的空间优化配置模型,利用NSGA-Ⅱ算法进行模型的求解;采用灰色关联投影法,选出最佳水土保持措施空间优化配置方案,并以2013-2015年水土流失实际治理情况进行对比分析。结果表明:优化效果明显,优化配置方案可行有效,可为政府实施水土保持措施空间配置提供决策依据。
[Abstract]:Soil erosion in red soil region of Fujian Province is serious due to its large topographic fluctuation loose soil structure poor corrosion resistance combined with concentrated rainfall and heavy rain caused by many typhoons. In order to achieve the purpose of soil and water conservation, many effective soil and water conservation measures have been formed through long-term research and practice. However, there are many problems in the implementation of the measures, such as many restrictions, unreasonable allocation and the benefits of the measures can not reach expectations. How to rationally allocate different types of soil and water conservation measures in order to give full play to the comprehensive benefits of ecology, economy and society has become a hot research topic in the limited investment of soil and water conservation. The spatial optimal allocation of soil and water conservation measures involves multi-objective optimization, and it has become the focus of research to select a reasonable and feasible method to solve the multi-objective optimization problem. This paper takes Changting County, which has serious soil erosion in red soil region of Fujian Province, as the study area. From the angle of spatial distribution suitability of soil and water conservation measures, economic benefits and ecological benefits, an optimized model of spatial allocation of soil and water conservation measures is constructed. The model was solved by NSGA-II with elite strategy, and the optimal spatial optimal allocation of soil and water conservation measures was selected, and the actual control of soil and water loss in 2013-2015 was compared and analyzed. Finally, a set of spatial optimal allocation scheme of soil and water conservation measures suitable for the study area is put forward, and the decision basis for the government to control soil and water loss is provided. The specific research contents and work results are as follows: (1) the data needed by the research on spatial optimal allocation of soil and water conservation measures are collected and collated. The selection of indicators and the methods of data processing are briefly introduced. (2) the scale identification of spatial distribution pattern of soil and water conservation measures and the multi-scale analysis of influencing factors are completed. The results show that the influence factors of spatial distribution of soil and water conservation measures are measured by standardized regression coefficient. The effects on spatial distribution of soil and water conservation measures are different. (3) the suitability evaluation of different types of soil and water conservation measures has been completed. According to different control objectives, two sets of suitability evaluation index system of soil and water conservation measures were constructed, and the suitability evaluation of different types of soil and water conservation measures was carried out, and different suitability grades were classified. The area and distribution of soil and water conservation measures were analyzed. (4) the spatial distribution of soil and water conservation measures was optimized. Taking the minimization of input cost, the maximization of ecological benefit and the maximization of suitability as objective functions, the spatial optimal allocation model of soil and water conservation measures is constructed, and the model is solved by using NSGA- 鈪，

本文编号：2254281