配施有机肥减氮对川中丘区土壤微生物量与酶活性的影响

发布时间：2018-10-08 16:14

【摘要】：通过田间减施氮肥试验,设置减氮20%+不施有机肥(N_1O_0),减氮20%+普通有机肥(N_1O_1),减氮20%+生物有机肥(N_1O_2),减氮40%+不施有机肥(N_2O_0),减氮40%+普通有机肥(N2O1),减氮40%+生物有机肥(N_2O_2)处理,以不施肥(CK0)和全氮100%(N_(100))为对照,研究配施有机肥减氮对川中丘区玉米土壤微生物量碳、土壤酶活性及玉米产量的影响,为玉米生产减氮增效提高玉米氮素利用率提供理论依据。结果表明:随施氮量减少土壤脲酶、蔗糖酶、过氧化氢酶活性及微生物量碳含量逐渐降低,较N_(100)相比,N_1O_0、N_2O_0分别吐丝期微生物量碳降低25.6,35.08mg/kg;大喇叭口期脲酶降低11.1%和14.1%;蔗糖酶降低30.4%,97.1%;产量降低921.98,1 719.62kg/hm~2。配施有机肥提高了土壤脲酶、蔗糖酶、过氧化氢酶活性及微生物量碳含量和玉米产量。与N_1O_0相比N_1O_1、N_1O_2,土壤微生物量碳增加38.57%和54.45%;脲酶活性提高9.73%和14.82%;蔗糖酶提高42.75%和64.26%;过氧化氢酶提高11.05%和11.93%;增产2%和6%,且N_1O_2较N_1O_1产量提高4.0%。配施生物有机肥减氮20%降低了玉米秃尖长、增加了穗长、穗粒数、百粒重,玉米产量为8 710.83kg/hm~2。土壤微生物量碳、酶活性与玉米产量呈显著或极显著相关。说明配施生物有机肥减氮20%,可以提高玉米生育期土壤微生物量碳、土壤酶活性,改善植株根系生长环境,促进玉米产量增加。
[Abstract]:The treatments of reducing nitrogen 20% no organic fertilizer (N_1O_0), nitrogen reducing 20% ordinary organic fertilizer (N_1O_1), nitrogen reducing 20% biological organic fertilizer (N_1O_2), nitrogen reducing 40% no organic fertilizer (N_2O_0), nitrogen reducing 40% ordinary organic fertilizer (N2O1) and nitrogen reducing 40% biological organic fertilizer (N_2O_2) were set up in the field experiment. The effects of nitrogen reduction with organic fertilizer on soil microbial biomass carbon, soil enzyme activity and maize yield in the hilly area of Sichuan were studied by using no fertilization (CK0) and 100% total nitrogen (N _ (100), which provided theoretical basis for increasing nitrogen utilization efficiency in maize production and nitrogen reduction. The results showed that soil urease, sucrase, catalase activity and microbial biomass carbon content decreased gradually with the decrease of nitrogen application. Compared with NSCO _ (100), the microbial biomass carbon decreased by 25.6 ~ 35.08 mg / kg, urease decreased by 11.1% and 14.1%, invertase decreased by 30.4% and 97.1%, yield decreased by 1 719.62 kg / hm ~ (2), respectively. Soil urease, sucrase, catalase activity, microbial biomass carbon content and maize yield were increased with organic fertilizer. Compared with N_1O_0, soil microbial biomass carbon increased 38.57% and 54.4510%; urease activity increased 9.73% and 14.82%; sucrase increased 42.75% and 64.26%; catalase increased 11.05% and 11.93%; increase by 2% and 64.45%; and N_1O_2 increased 4.00% compared with N_1O_1. 20% nitrogen reduction with biological organic fertilizer decreased the length of bald tip, increased ear length, grain number per ear, 100 kernel weight, and maize yield was 8 710.83 kg 路hm ~ (-2) 路hm ~ (-1) 路kg ~ (-1) 路hm ~ (-1). Soil microbial biomass carbon and enzyme activity were significantly correlated with maize yield. The results showed that the application of biological organic fertilizer could improve soil microbial biomass carbon, soil enzyme activity, plant root growth environment and maize yield.
【作者单位】：四川农业大学农学院农业部西南作物生理生态与耕作重点实验室;
【基金】：重点研发计划粮食丰产增效科技创新项目(2016YFD0300307) 公益性行业(农业)科研专项(20150312705)
【分类号】：S154

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