风化煤腐植酸的活化及其对黑麦草生长的影响

发布时间：2018-10-12 09:50

【摘要】：腐植酸(Humic Acid,简称HA)分为矿质源腐植酸和生物源腐植酸,本试验研究的腐植酸来源于矿质源腐植酸。风化煤中的腐植酸分子量巨大,溶解性差,活性官能团少,发挥的作用小,因此,为提高腐植酸的活性,本文探索比较了几种风化煤腐植酸的最佳活化工艺技术,对活化产物进行了分析评价,以及对腐植酸在农业上的作用进行了探讨,包括腐植酸对果园土壤微生物的影响以及对黑麦草生长的影响、腐植酸对土壤磷肥有效性的影响及其对盐碱土的改良作用。为今后风化煤腐植酸的活化工艺和大规模生产与应用提供理论依据。主要研究结果如下:1.采用氢氧化钾活化为活化剂,在滚筒球磨机中对风化煤进行固态活化,制备活性腐植酸,筛选出的最佳工艺条件为:氢氧化钾占风化煤质量的10%,转动速率为50r/min,研磨时间为60min。该条件下生产的腐植酸水溶性为31.4%,pH为7.52,电导率为865μS/cm,水溶性比未活化处理的水溶性高出174.7%。2.腐植酸可以改善土壤微生物群落结构,盆栽试验中,2500g果园土中加入50g腐植酸,培养95天的土壤放线菌数目较大,达到3.5627万个/g soil,而CK只有0.4502万个/g soil。3.腐植酸可明显提高黑麦草的生理活性,其中,可溶富里酸显著提高黑麦草的SOD、硝酸还原酶活性。但是,风化煤腐植酸显著提高黑麦草的根系活力、增强根系的生长,并且,风化煤腐植酸为土壤充足的碳库资源,保证黑麦草的持续快速生长,HS5处理的黑麦草生长51天累计生物量比CK高145g。4.磷酸一铵与经活化的风化煤和未活化风化煤分别按照1:0,1:0.1,1:1和1:5四种不同比例加入理化性质相同的等量褐土中,在相对土壤含水量为50%、75%和100%三种不同处理条件下,室温静置培养,定期测定土壤中有效磷的含量的变化。结果表明,磷肥施入土壤后,在培养第7—14天就出现被土壤明显固定的现象,从而使土壤有效磷含量迅速降低,相对含水量50%、75%、100%的土壤样品其有效磷含量降低百分数依次为30%、21%和13%。加入活化风化煤比未加入能相对提高土壤有效磷5%—13%。在加入活化风化煤的处理组中,又以P2O5:AHA(活化风化煤)为1:5处理的土壤有效磷含量最高,P2O5:AHA为1:1次之。5.在改良中高度盐碱土的试验中,随着腐植酸的不断增加,土壤全盐降低显著,2500g盐碱土中加入400g腐植酸的土壤全盐降低量最大,比CK降低了23.5%。但是,不同腐植酸量的加入,盐碱土的pH值差异性不显著。6.腐植酸对土壤盐基离子具有吸附特性,全盐降低量与加入的腐植酸之间为多项式(P)正相关并达极显著水平,相关方程式为y=-4×10-6x 2+0.0032x+0.1596,式中y为全盐降低量(g/kg),x为腐植酸用量(g/pot),即在本试验腐植酸用量范围内,东营盐碱土的全盐降低程度随着腐植酸量的增加而呈降低趋势。
[Abstract]:Humic acid (Humic Acid,) is divided into mineral source humic acid and biological source humic acid. The humic acid in this study is derived from mineral source humic acid. The molecular weight of humic acid in weathered coal is huge, the solubility is poor, the active functional group is few, and the function is small. Therefore, in order to improve the activity of humic acid, the best activation technology of humic acid in weathered coal has been explored and compared in this paper. The effects of humic acid on agriculture, including the effect of humic acid on soil microorganism in orchard and the growth of ryegrass, were analyzed and evaluated. The effect of humic acid on the availability of soil phosphate fertilizer and its improvement on saline-alkali soil. It provides theoretical basis for the activation process, mass production and application of weathered coal humic acid in the future. The main results are as follows: 1. The active humic acid was prepared by solid activation of weathered coal in a roller ball mill using potassium hydroxide as activator. The optimum technological conditions were as follows: potassium hydroxide accounted for 10% of the mass of weathered coal, the rotation rate was 50 r / min, and the grinding time was 60 min. The water solubility of the humic acid produced under this condition is 31.4wt. The pH is 7.52, the conductivity is 865 渭 S / cm. The water solubility of the humic acid is 174.70.2. higher than that of the unactivated treatment. Humic acid can improve the soil microbial community structure. In pot experiment, 50g humic acid was added to the soil of 2500g orchard soil, and the soil actinomycetes was larger after 95 days of culture, reaching 35.62700000 / g soil, and CK only 0.4502000 / g soil.3.. Humic acid could obviously increase the physiological activity of ryegrass, and soluble fulvic acid could significantly increase the activity of SOD, nitrate reductase in ryegrass. However, weathered coal humic acid significantly increased the root activity and root growth of ryegrass, and weathered coal humic acid was a sufficient carbon pool for soil. The accumulative biomass of ryegrass treated with HS5 for 51 days was 145g. 4 higher than that of CK. Ammonium phosphate, activated weathered coal and unactivated weathered coal were added to the same amount of cinnamon soil with the same physical and chemical properties according to four different proportions of 1: 0: 1: 1: 1: 1 and 1:5, respectively. Under three different treatment conditions, the relative soil moisture content was 500.75% and 100%, respectively, and cultured at room temperature. The content of available phosphorus in soil was determined regularly. The results showed that the phosphorus fertilizer applied to the soil resulted in the obvious fixation by the soil on the 7th to 14th day of culture, which resulted in the rapid decrease of the available phosphorus content in the soil. The relative water content (RWC) of 100% soil samples decreased by 30% and 13%, respectively. The addition of activated weathered coal can increase the available phosphorus 5-13 in the soil. In the treatment group with activated weathered coal, the content of available phosphorus in the soil treated with P2O5:AHA (activated weathered coal) at 1:5 was the highest, followed by P2O5:AHA at 1:1. With the increasing of humic acid, the total salt of the soil decreased significantly, and the total salt of the soil with 400g humic acid in 2500g saline-alkali soil decreased the most, which was lower than that of CK (23.5g). However, with the addition of humic acid, the difference of pH value of saline-alkali soil was not significant. 6. 6. Humic acid adsorbed the base ions of soil, and the total salt reduction was positively correlated with the humic acid added into the soil, and it reached a significant level at the polynomial (P) level. The correlation equation is yang-4 脳 10-6 x 2 0.0032x 0.1596, in which y is the total salt reduction (g/kg), x is g/pot), that is, in the range of humic acid used in this experiment, the total salt reduction of Dongying saline-alkali soil tends to decrease with the increase of humic acid content.
【学位授予单位】：山东农业大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：S141;S543.6

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